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Research of the systems of environmental and soil protection technologies in erosion-hazardous agrolandscapes

Rucins Adolfs, Kolomiiets Larisa, Shevchenko Ivan, Bulgakov Volodymyr, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Kiernicki Zbigniew

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 26, nr 4

15--27

EN

Land degradation is primarily caused by direct destruction of the natural ecosystems, irrational use and depletion of the land resources, and the growing agrotechnogenic load on soils. Contemporary scientific research has been carried out by means of field route studies and land inventory to determine the geomorphological and soil characteristics of the studied polygons, taking into account the basic principles of application in the geospatial analysis and practical use in the landscape studies by means of the Auto CAD computer program, the boundaries of the polygons – watersheds on raster topographic maps being determined, digitized in the local coordinate system (SK-63). It has been established that the introduction of a set of measures for the conservation of the degraded lands of the sloped agrolandscape systems by stopping intensive economic activity with subsequent use of the land plots as hayfields and pastures, ensured a significant reduction in soil loss due to erosion, while the soil loss on heavily and moderately eroded soils of the studied sites amounted to 2.38–4.19 t·ha-1, which differs slightly from the maximum permissible standard indicators of soil loss for the heavily and moderately eroded soils. The main characteristics of the agrochemical, agrophysical and other properties of the washed-out chernozems have stabilized during the conservation period. At the same time, the humus content in the cultivated soil layer has increased to 3.85%, the optimal values are characterized by the soil acidity pH 7.1–7.3 (close to neutral). Attention has been focused on the specifics of the land conservation by excluding it from economic circulation with its subsequent use as pasture and hay lands.

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Long-Term Dynamics of the Spring Moisture Reserves with Various Methods of Processing Typical Chernozem

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Demydenko Olexander, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Yatsenko Svitlana, Rucins Adolfs

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

261--272

EN

In this work there are studied the peculiarities of formation of the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer of chernozem in a long–term dimension using various methods of soil cultivation and agroclimatic indicators under the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest–Steppe of Ukraine. In the work there used generally accepted research methods: the field, laboratory, mathematical statistics, comparative calculations. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In the period from 1977–1982 to 2020–2024 the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November–February) increased by 71 mm, and for the period November–March – by 64 mm. In the months of the cold period of the year the amount of precipitation increased most of all: in November (+15 mm), December (+28 mm), February (+38 mm) relative to the norm. The average monthly air temperature in the period November–February in 2020–2024 was above 0 °С, while according to the norm of observations the average monthly air temperature was –1.3 °С. In the period from 1977 to 2024 the increase in average daily air temperature occurred according to trustworthy trends. A direct correlation was established between the amount of precipitation during the cold period of the year (November–February) and the average monthly air temperature at the level of R = 0.73–0.75, and with precipitation for the period November–March the correlation weakened to an average level of R = 0.63–0.70. During the shallow non–moldboard cultivation in 2020–2024 the accumulated moisture was by 16 mm less, in contrast to the deep non–moldboard cultivation. A direct correlation was found between the moisture reserves in the 0–50 cm layer and the average daily air temperature for the periods November–February and November–March: R = 0.74–0.76 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.54–0.58 (ploughing), R = 0.70–0.71 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.49–0.50 (moldboardless tillage) and R = 0.49–0.52 ± 0.02, R2 = 0.24–0.27 (small mouldboardless tillage). The relationship between the amount of atmospheric precipitation and the reserves of productive moisture in a meter–thick layer, regardless of the processing method, was at the level of direct correlation of the average level, and the formation of spring reserves of productive moisture in a meter-thick layer, regardless of the processing method, over 46 years of observations took place according a downward trend. For ploughing the intensity of the decrease in the moisture reserve was 2.1 times higher compared to the non–moldboard cultiation, which made it possible to form a higher moisture reserve by 8–10 mm.

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Investigation of the Formation of Productive Moisture Reserves in the Thickness of Chernozem under the Forest-Steppe Conditions

Bulgakov Volodymyr, Gadzalo Iaroslav, Demydenko Olexander, Rucins Adolfs, Kiernicki Zbigniew, Holovach Ivan, Trokhaniak Oleksandra, Tkachuk Vadym

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 10

224--238

EN

In this research paper analysis of the dynamics of the moisture content of the soil layer of chernozem and the accumulation of productive moisture reserves in its thickness was carried out, based on a set of data from 1947 to 2022. The change in the moisture regime within the periodically leaching water regime of the central part of the Left Bank ForestSteppe of Ukraine has been analyzed. The analysis was performed under the crops: winter wheat, spring barley, corn for grain and silage, sugar beet, sunflower in crop rotations of various types to a depth of 0–100 cm to 0–300 cm. The purpose of the research was to establish the features of the formation of reserves of productive moisture in the chernozem thickness in a seasonal dimension upon the dynamics of climatic parameters against the background of their intra century climatic variability for the conditions of the left bank part of the central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The generally accepted research methods were used: field, laboratory, mathematical, statistical and comparative calculation. Based on the conducted research, the following results were obtained. In order to form a non-flushing humidification regime, it is necessary to accumulate 117–135 mm in the thickness of 0–100 cm, which will correspond to a reserve in the thickness of 0–200 cm – 117–167 mm. For periodic flushing water regime 160–165 mm of moisture should be accumulated in the 0–100 cm thickness, which will provide a moisture reserve of 300 mm in the 0–200 cm thickness. The flushing water regime is formed with a moisture reserve in the thickness of 0–100 cm in the amount of 175mm, which provides a moisture reserve in the thicknesses of 0–150 cm and 0–200 cm – 250 mm and 315 mm, which corresponds to the reserve of NV-VRK, and the thickness of 0–300 cm is saturated with moisture in an amount of more than 400 mm (HB-VK). Calculation of the paired correlation coefficients showed that an inverse strong correlation (R > –0.70) was found between the amount of precipitation for November – March and the supply of moisture to the meter layer of soil (R > –0.70), and the consumption of moisture from the soil for April – July correlated with the precipitation for November – March at the level of direct strong correlation (R ≥ 0.70). The relationship with the moisture consumption from the moisture potential for April – August was at the level of an inverse strong correlation (R< 0.70), i.e. the higher the amount of precipitation during the autumn-winter-spring period (cold period), the less moisture is recorded in a meter-thick layer, the greater its consumption in April-July from the soil and the smaller consumption of moisture potential in April-August. The zone of the central Forest-Steppe is characterized by a periodically leaching water regime, when an average of 165 mm of moisture accumulates in a meter-thick chernozem, and therefore gravitates towards the values of the moisture reserve in the non-flushing water regime, which exceeds its value by 25mm, which is a stable trend of aridization of soil conditions in spring period. The conditions of moistening chernozems, formed in a long-term time interval under the present climatic conditions of the central part of the Left Bank Forest-Steppe, cannot be shifted under the influence of agrotechnical influences beyond the parameters of the non-leaching or periodically leaching water conditions in the agrocenosis. There is manifested the process of the self-regulation stability of the Forest-Steppe zone against active aridization and the “attack” of the Steppe on the Forest-Steppe.