Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Anthropogenic changes of CO2, CH4, N2O, CFCI3, CF2Cl2, CCl2FCClF2, CHCl3, CH3CCI3, CCI4, SF6 and SF5CF3 mixing ratios in the atmosphere over southern Poland

Różański K., Nęcki J., Chmura Ł., Śliwka I., Zimnoch M., Bielewski J., Gałkowski M., Bartyzel J., Rosiek J.

Geological Quarterly

|

2014

|

Vol. 58, No. 4

673–-684

EN

An overview of long-term, sysiematic observations of trace gas composition of the atmosphere over southern Poland is given. Three major greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, N2O) and selected halocarbons (freons F-11, F-12 and F-113; chloroform; 1,1,1-trichloroetane; carbon tetrachloride; sulphur hexafluoride and trifluoromethyl sulphur pentafuoride) were monitored. Measurements were performed at two locations of contrasting characteristics: (1) the high-mountain site Kasprowy Wierch, High Tatras, representing atmospheric conditions relatively free of local influences, and (2) two sites located in the Kraków agglomeration, representing a typical urban atmosphere. The data available for Kraków and Kasprowy Wierch were compared with the Mace Head data, representing a marine regional background. The impact of continental sources for some of the measured gases is clearly seen in the Kraków and Kasprowy Wierch records. The mean offset between CH4 concentrations recorded at Kasprowy Wierch and at Mace Head for the period 1998-2012 is 20.7 ppb and stems from continental emissions of this gas originating mainly from anthropogenic activities (leaks of natural gas distribution networks, landfills, livestock). For N2O, a similar offset of ca. 1 ppb for the period 2009-2012 was observed. Although the long-term concentration trends of selected halogenated compounds measured in Kraków coincide in general with the respective trends in Mace Head data, the Kraków records contain numerous spikes and periods of enhanced concentrations, reflecting the impact of local sources of these compounds. The impact of a legislative framework enforced in Poland in July 2002, regulating the trade, storage and disposal of ozone-depleting substances, is visible in the Kraków record of halogenated compounds.

2

Poprawa udarności długotrwale eksploatowanego staliwa G17CrMoV5-10 wyżarzaniem w temperaturze poniżej Acl

Golański G., Stachura S., Gałkowski M.

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2007

|

Vol. 74, nr 6

306-309

PL

W artykule pokazano, że wyżarzanie odprężające stosowane po procesie naprawy odlewów staliwnych spawaniem zmniejsza koncentrację fosforu na granicach ziaren i poprawia udarność staliwa G17CrMoV5-10. Przeprowadzono badania zmiany koncentracji fosforu na granicach ziaren byłego austenitu staliwa wyżarzanego w temperaturze 720 °C. Wykazano, że wielkość koncentracji fosforu na granicach, mierzona głębokością roztrawienia granic ziaren kwasem pikrynowym, zmniejsza się ponad trzykrotnie po dwu-i czterogodzinnym wyżarzaniu.

EN

The article shows that stress relief annealing applied after the process of steel casts repair by welding decreases concentration of phosphorus on grain boundaries and improves impact energy of G17CrMoV5-10 cast steel. The research was focused on changes of phosphorus concentration on former austenite grain boundaries of cast steel subjected to annealing at the temperature of 720 °C. It has been proved that the amount of phosphorus concentration on boundaries measured by the depth of grain boundaries etching with picric acid, decreases over three times after 2- and 4-hour annealing.

3

Miejska przestrzeń publiczna w czasach komercjalizacji

Gałkowski M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

|

2005

|

R. 102, z. 9-A/1

161-168

PL

Dominacja funkcji komercyjnej we współczesnym mieście jest dzisiaj oczywista. Rzadziej jednak zauważamy dominacje przestrzeni prywatnej nad miejską przestrzenia publiczną. Ściśle kontrolowane wnętrza supermarketów, handlowych pasaży, wydzielonych osiedli mieszkaniowych czy wreszcie oddane w dzierżawę fragmenty miejskich placów wpisały się w krajobraz miast w całej europie. Te obszary miasta tylko pozornie są jednak przestrzeniami publicznymi, można powiedzieć za Baudrilard'em że są zaledwie symulacją przestrzeni publicznej tworzoną na potrzeby właścicieli - komercyjnych inwestorów, których jedynym (i zresztą całkowicie wymiernym) celem jest zwiększanie sprzedaży. W tych pseudo-miasteczkach i na pseudo-placach łatwo zapomnieć czym jest prawdziwa przestrzeń publiczna, i jak ważna jest ona dla lokalnych społeczności, a także dla prawidłowego funkcjonowania tzw. społeczeństwa obywatelskiego. Fundamentalna dla demokracji wolność zgromadzeń dotyczy przecież przestrzeni publicznej,a w żadnym razie nie komercyjnej przestrzeni prywatnej.

EN

The dominant role of commercial function in today.s town is evident. What is less frequently noticed is the dominance of private space over the public space. Strictly controlled interiors of supermarkets, shopping arcades, fenced housing developments or leased fragments of town squares have largely mixed with the urban scenery throughout Europe. These urban areas are only apparently public places, using Baudrillard's phrase they can be said to be just a simulation of the public space, created for the sake of the possessors - commercial investors whose sole (very measurable) aim is to increase sales. In these pseudo-towns, in their pseudo-squares it is easy to forget what is the real public space, and how important it is for local communities, as well as for proper functioning of the civil society. Strictly controlled private areas make free socio-political activities impossible. The same applies to artistic actions. The freedom of assembly, fundamental for democracy,is applicable only to public place, and definitely not to commercial private space.

4

Two-Layer Structures of Ultra-Thin Metal Hexacyanoferrate Films: Charge Trapping Possibility of Application to Corrosion Protection

Miecznikowski K., Chojak M., Steplowska W., Makowski O., Kulesza P., Adamczyk L., Malik M., Gałkowski M., Bala H.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

|

2004

|

Vol. 78 / nr 9

1183-1193

EN

The possibility of fabrication of ultra-thin films of metal hexacyanoferrates, Prussian Blue, PB, and nickel hexacyanoferrate, NiHCNFe, by multiple sequential attachment of metal cations (self-assembled on 4-aminobenzoic acid monolayer) and hexacyanoferrate anions, has been demonstrated. These films can form a bilayer arrangement on glassy carbon when PB and NiHCNFe are deposited as inner and outer films, respectively. To avoid mixing of the NiHCNFe and PB redox sites, we introduce an polymer interlayer from poly(4-vinylpyridine) and Nafion. Since the outer NiHCNFe film is physically separated from the electrode surface, and it undergoes redox reactions at potentials characteristic of the inner PB film, an effect of the reversible charge state trapping (bistable switching) is observed. Astable bilayer structure can also be deposited on stainless steel. The whole concept may be of importance to corrosion protection since charge accumulated in the oxidized bilayer film tends to stabilize corrosion potential within passive range.

5

Dlaczego śródmieścia polskich miast mogą przegrać z galeriami handlowymi?

Gałkowski M.

Czasopismo Techniczne. Architektura

|

2004

|

R. 101, z. 2-A

319--326

EN

The supermarket has appeared in Poland in '90s and it has became a symbol of social revolution fast. This article describes the reasons for the great success of huge shopping centers and threats caused by their development to the town planning. Polish people that easily accepted a life style based on consumption look for safe, friendly and attractive public spaces. The most city centers, especially that created or rebuilt after the 2nd World War, cannot offer the right conditions to develop the trade and facilities. A sudden growth of motorization and a chaos in the town planning make the situation worst. In this matter the big shopping center as an attractive, air-conditioned and protected space become a favorite place not only to shopping but also to meeting friends, to eat out or to spend the leisure time. Shopping malls gradually replace the city core. Such a phenomenon was described in USA and West Europe countries. These countries have made an effort to prevent the city centers from loosing their social importance since '70s. These works consist in enlarging pedestrian spaces and giving them an appropriate scale and ergonomics. Such an efforts are crucial to the Polish cities.