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Heat Gain From Thermal Radiation Through Protective Clothing With Different Insulation, Reflectivity and Vapour Permeability

Brode P., Kuklane K., Candas V., Den Hartog E. A., Griefahn B., Holmer I., Meinander H., Nocker W., Richards M., Havenith G.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2010

Vol. 16, No. 2

231--244

The heat transferred through protective clothing under long wave radiation compared to a reference condition without radiant stress was determined in thermal manikin experiments. The influence of clothing insulation and reflectivity, and the interaction with wind and wet underclothing were considered. Garments with different outer materials and colours and additionally an aluminised reflective suit were combined with different number and types of dry and pre-wetted underwear layers. Under radiant stress, whole body heat loss decreased, i.e., heat gain occurred compared to the reference. This heat gain increased with radiation intensity, and decreased with air velocity and clothing insulation. Except for the reflective outer layer that showed only minimal heat gain over the whole range of radiation intensities, the influence of the outer garments’ material and colour was small with dry clothing. Wetting the underclothing for simulating sweat accumulation, however, caused differing effects with higher heat gain in less permeable garments.

The tram bonus

Kaczmarek T., Hafke H., Preis A., Sandrock S., Griefahn B., Gjestland T.

Archives of Acoustics

2006

Vol. 31, No. 4

405-412

The annoyance of three different sound sources was evaluated in a psychoacoustic experiment. An objective analysis of the stimuli used in the experiment has shown that calculated loudness was responsible for equally annoying pairs of different sound sources. Based on the loudness calculations and annoyance ratings, a "tram bonus" of 3 dB was found in comparison to the bus sound source. In addition, it was found that loudness explains the annoyance results when the LpA max is larger than 74.5 dB(A). With sound levels smaller than 74.5 dB(A) sharpness and roughness contribute to annoyance judgments.