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1 2025

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Analysis of rainfall and windflow patterns in southwestern Nigeria

Adeleke Elisha Ademola, Olabode Abiodun Daniel

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

2025

Vol. 13, Iss. 2

23--34

The fluctuations in the observed rainfall pattern is a great concern for the rainfed-based system in Nigeria. In Southwestern Nigeria, for example, it has become difficult to predict rainfall activities in most cities and villages in the recent times. This study is focused on the analysis of rainfall and wind-flow patterns in Southwestern Nigeria. Secondary data on rainfall and wind-flow were collected from weather stations across Ikeja, Ibadan, Abeokuta, Osogbo and Akure between the years 1971 and 2020. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics with the results presented using wind flow maps. Results revealed that the recorded mean seasonal rainfall amounts of 303 mm in Ikeja, followed by Akure (229 mm), Osogbo (178 mm), and Ibadan (169 mm), were indications of local weather patterns like the influence of sea breeze that usually results in rainfall variability. The South-westerly monsoon is moisture - laden and hence a rain-bearing wind, which blows inland from the Atlantic Ocean. The study also observed the weakness of the wind during the December, January and February (DJF) months, due to the local influence of the dry harmattan wind that blows northerly from the opposite direction. This period of dryness has been accounted for in the low rainfall amount recorded in most stations. especially in Ibadan at this time. Primarily, heat, moisture and aerodynamic indices were found to be the primary control factors of rainfall patterns in the study area. It is therefore recommended that wind flow direction is an important key element to guide decisions on human outdoor activities, travel plans and agricultural practices.