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Modelling of iron concentration changes in tap water after sampling

Zbykovskyy Yevgen, Turchanina Oksana, Shvets Iryna, Pinho Henrique, Shvets Ihor, Kaulin Viacheslav

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 4

180--189

In most cases, it is impossible to analyse drinking water for iron content at the sampling point. The water needs to be transported to a specialized laboratory, which can take several hours. This also applies to tap water. It was previously established that iron in water quickly passes from soluble to insoluble form. As a result, its concentration within 90 minutes decreases by 1.5–2 times compared to the initial value. The aim of the research is to develop a new mathematical model for the prediction of the concentration of iron in drinking water depending on the duration of time from the moment of sampling to the moment of analysis. The model is based on empirical data obtained from measurements of iron concentration in tap water of the water supply system of the city of Pokrovsk, Donetsk region, Ukraine. Based on the analysis of four developed and analysed polynomial models for two samples of tap water, second-degree polynomial equations are recommended. A correlation analysis confirmed the presence a strong correlation of the iron content in tap water and the time interval between sampling and analysis. It was experimentally established that from the 90th minute the physical process of a parabolic decrease in the concentration of iron in tap water practically attenuate. The recommended time range for using proposed mathematical model is from 0 to 120 minutes from the moment of tap water sampling.

Stabilization of Iron Content in Drinking Water after Sampling – Study of Tap Water in Donetsk Region, Ukraine

Zbykovskyy Yevgen, Shvets Ihor, Kaulin Viacheslav, Shvets Iryna

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 12

269--277

Ukraine traditionally suffers from acute shortage of quality drinking water, and this problem has intensified recently due to military operations on its territory. The lack of water laboratories in the combat area made it impossible to monitor the quality of drinking water. Due to the pollution of water resources and the destruction of water supply systems, the population is forced to use water unsuitable for drinking. One of the important indicators of pollution is the high iron content in drinking water, which exceeds the maximum permissible standards in many regions of Ukraine. To analyze the iron content in water, the spectrophotometric method with 1,10-phenanthroline was chosen, which is simplest, less labor-intensive and energy-consuming. If it is impossible to carry out the analysis at the point of water sampling, the result obtained has a high error due to a decrease in the concentration of iron in the water over time. The reason for this effect is the rapid transition of iron from soluble to insoluble form. The aim of the research is to study the influence of temperature and acidity on the dynamics of iron concentration in drinking water and to develop recommendations for analyzing water for iron content in laboratory conditions. It has been proven that drinking water must be acidified to a level of pH = 1 immediately after water sampling. In the case of analyzing previously unacidified water, it should be heated to a temperature of 40 °C or higher in the presence of hydrochloric acid. It was established that the amount of total iron in the analyzed water exceeds the amount of dissolved iron by 6.4 times. The correspondence of drinking water with the requirements of the standard for iron content can only be established by determining the content of total iron in all its species.