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1

Electric properties of water. New experimental data in the 5 Hz - 13 MHz frequency range

Rusiniak L.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 1

63-76

EN

The dielectric permittivity, conductivity and loss tangent of water were measured with non-blocking electrodes for different thicknesses of the sample and for various oscillator levels. The measurements were carried out in the 20-90degreeC temperature range with the 10degeeC interval. Domain Debye resonances in water, as well as changes in dielectric constants, relaxation times and conductivity with temperature were observed. The results show that water has domain structure in the studied temperature range. When the temperature grows, we observed growth of the domain dielectric constants, decrease the domain relaxation times, and growth of the relative width of the Debye resonances.

2

Electric properties of ice near solidification and melting temperature

Rusiniak L.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 3

363-380

EN

The dielectric permittivity, conductivity and loss tangent of ice were measured for different thicknesses of the sample (0.1-4 mm). In this investigation, the measurement of thin samples can be treated as a laboratory test of surface proper-ties and that of thick samples as a test of bulk properties. The measurements were carried out from 3.5 to -13.5°C with descending and growing temperature. Two domain Debye resonances were observed. The one at low frequency is interpreted as being associated with transversal mode, and the other, at higher frequency, is associated with longitudinal mode of proton domain. The resonance frequencies depend on sample size and temperature. Temperature hysteresis of resonance frequencies was observed. As the temperature grows starting from low temperature, the resonance frequencies move towards each other and finally the two modes join to form one mode. The dielectric constant associated with transversal mode is higher than 104. The dielectric constant associated with longitudinal mode is about 102. The dipole dielectric constant vanishes after solidification. As the temperature grows, the di-pole dielectric constant grows too. Oscillation of dielectric permittivity and conductance for a small value of oscillator level was observed. The experimental data show that ice could be both a ferroelectric and a piezoelectric material.

3

Physical modeling of the induction vectors above the structures including 3d blocks in the crust

Ladanivsky B., Jankowski J., Ernst T., Kobzova V., Rusiniak L.

Acta Geophysica Polonica

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 4

575-582

EN

Space and frequency distributions of the induction vectors induced by the 2D subsurface conductive anomaly have been studied using the physical modeling in relation to the deeper 3D crust and 1D mantle structures. It was established that the influence of the 3D block structures of the crust on these vectors is less than the influence of conductivity of the deep mantle structures and than the contrast of resistivities between the sediments and the crust.