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Application of Clay–rubber Mixtures for the Transportation Geotechnics—the Numerical Analysis

Jastrzębska Małgorzata, Łupieżowiec Marian

Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica

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2023

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Vol. 45, nr s1

370--381

EN

The use of waste materials (including rubber) in industry is one of the most important issues in terms of environmental protection. One of such applications is the use of soil–rubber mixtures in backfills or lower layers of embankments or road structures. The numerical analyses of the behavior of a clay–rubber mixture layer built into a road embankment are presented in this article. An elastic-perfectly plastic model with a Coulomb–Mohr yield surface was used in the finite element analysis. The parameters of soil–rubber mixtures adopted for the analysis were estimated on the basis of triaxial tests: monotonic (UU—unconsolidated undrained, and CU—consolidated undrained) and cyclic (CU) performed with low frequency (f = 0,001 Hz). The triaxial tests were carried out on mixtures of kaolin (K) and red clay (RC) with the addition of 1–5 mm rubber granulate (G) in the amount of 5–25% by weight. Numerical analyses included a static plate load test (VSS) of a layer made of a rubber–soil mixture built into the embankment and testing the stability of embankments using the c–ϕ strength reduction procedure. The results of laboratory tests confirm the necessity of testing soil–rubber mixtures each time before their use in embankments. The observed overall decrease in shear strength and stiffness of the tested material is variable and depends on the type of soil and the content of rubber waste. Satisfactory results of the analysis were obtained, both in terms of the values of layer stiffness modules and slope safety factors, which allows for the conclusion of the possibility of using soil–rubber mixtures (with the recommended granulate addition up to 30% by weight) in the layers of road embankments and (depending on the road class) in the lower layers of the pavement structure.

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Zalecenia dotyczące bezpiecznego laboratoryjnego suszenia gruntów z wykorzystaniem mikrofal

Jastrzębska Małgorzata, Kaczmarek Łukasz

Przegląd Budowlany

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2023

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R. 94, nr 5-6

146--151

PL

Brak klarownych wytycznych suszenia mikrofalowego dla określenia wilgotności czy tylko „podsuszania” gruntów przed właściwymi badaniami cech mechanicznych może prowadzić do niekontrolowanych zmian właściwości fizyko-mechanicznych gruntów. W niektórych przypadkach może to grozić nawet „eksplozją” materiału badawczego. Na podstawie licznych i szczegółowych badań wilgotności sformułowano wskazówki na temat optymalizacji parametrów bezpiecznego wykorzystania mikrofalówek w laboratorium geotechnicznym.

EN

The use of microwave drying to determine the water content or only to “pre-drying” of the soils before the proper tests of their mechanical properties, need to be established in detailed way. Without knowledge of the basic criteria for such procedure, may lead to uncontrolled changes in the physical and mechanical properties of soils - even soil “explosion”. On the basis of detailed water content studies, the guidelines were formulated on optimizing the parameters for the safe use of a microwave oven in a geotechnical laboratory.

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Projekt koncepcyjny domu mieszkalnego opartego na Idei 4E. Project-based learning realizowany w Politechnice Śląskiej

Winnicka-Jasłowska Dorota, Jastrzębska Małgorzata, Kaczmarczyk Jan, Łaźniewska-Piekarczyk Beata, Skóra Piotr, Kobiałko Beata, Kołodziej Agata, Mól Błażej, Lasyk Ewelina, Brzęczek Karolina, Król Michał

Builder

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2023

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R.27, nr 2

12--19

PL

Artykuł prezentuje główne założenia projektowe, omówienie zakresu i wyników badań w ramach projektu dydaktycznego project-based learning o nazwie: Interdyscyplinarna koncepcja domu mieszkalnego opartego na IDEI 4E - czyli rozwiązaniach energooszczędnych, ekologicznych, ergonomicznych oraz ekonomicznych. Jego głównym celem było opracowanie koncepcji modelowego domu mieszkalnego zakładającego rozwiązania energooszczędne, ekologiczne, ergonomiczne oraz ekonomiczne. Projekt ten został poprzedzony badaniami przedprojektowymi o charakterze interdyscyplinarnym. W zakresie architektury i urbanistyki zostały wykonane badania identyfikacji potrzeb użytkowych, analizy ergonomiczne, urbanistyczne oraz analiza nasłonecznienia. W zakresie budownictwa badania objęły analizy optymalnych rozwiązań technologicznych, konstrukcyjnych i materiałowych, a także podłoża gruntowego. W zakresie inżynierii środowiska i energetyki wykonano analizy rozwiązań systemowych dotyczących nowoczesnej energetyki.

EN

This article presents the main design principles, scope and research results of a Project-based Learning entitled: Interdisciplinary concept of a dwelling house based on IDEI 4E - i.e. energy-efficient, ecological, ergonomic and economical solutions. Its main objective was to develop a concept for a model dwelling house with energy-saving, ecological, ergonomic and economical solutions. The project was preceded by interdisciplinary pre-design studies. In the field of architecture and urban planning, research was carried out into the identification of user needs, ergonomics and urban planning analyses, and a solar exposure analysis. In the field of construction, studies included analyses of optimal technological, structural and material solutions and the subsoil. In the field of environmental and energy engineering, analyses of system solutions for modern energy were carried out.

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Practical application of the microwave oven in the geotechnical laboratory

Jastrzębska Małgorzata

Architecture Civil Engineering Environment

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2019

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Vol. 12, no. 2

91--104

EN

The main purpose of the paper is to present the usefulness of microwave ovens in the everyday work of geotechnical laboratories. Microwave ovens are commonly used to determine soil moisture and to dry soils that are too moist for other laboratory tests. The activities related to the above processes are not standarized in the majority of countries. The only available guidelines are based on the research projects. For the purpose of this particular research 345 tests have been conducted for moisture content determination for 3 soil types: fine sand (FSa; SP - poorly graded sand), sandy gravel (saGr; GW well graded gravel-sand mixtures) and silty clay (siCl; CH - inorganic clay of high plasticity), using both - standard and microwave methods. The research cycle consisted of 3 different variants which includes soil moisture content, specimen initial mass, number of specimens in microwave oven and their placing. It was established that different factors have impact on the length of the process and it lasted between 2 to 17 minutes. During the heating different undesirable phenomena were observed, e.g., soil explosions or melting and glowing of clay. Based on the above research results this paper introduces guidelines for the soil drying process in the microwave oven (the optimization of the procedure and handling of the dried samples).