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Balance in handstand and postural stability in standing position in athletes practicing gymnastics

Omorczyk J., Bujas P., Puszczałowska-Lizis E., Biskup L.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2018

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Vol. 20, no. 2

139--147

EN

Purpose: The aim of this study was to compare and analyse of relationships between stability indices registered in two positions: standing and handstand in athletes practicing gymnastics at various levels of advancement. Methods: The study included 46 athletes practicing gymnastics. The research tool was posturograph CQ-Stab 2P. Results: In both standing position and handstand in the seniors there were statistically significantly lower values of such indicators as: sway area delimited by the center of pressure ( p = 0.004, p = 0.014), mean amplitude of COP ( p = 0.021, p = 0.017), mean displacement of the center of feet/hands pressure in medio-lateral direction ( p = 0.011, p = 0.003) and maximal displacement of the center of feet/hands pressure in mediolateral direction ( p = 0.036, p = 0.036). In the standing position, seniors also had statistically significantly lower values of the statokinesiogram path length, both total ( p = 0.000) as well as in anteroposterior ( p = 0.001) and mediolateral ( p = 0.002) directions. In the seniors group there were statistically significant correlations between variables obtained in standing position and handstand. Conclusions: The level of sport advancement significantly differentiates the stability of a body in standing position and handstand. The seniors practicing gymnastics, compared to juniors, are characterized by a better ability to control the position of the body in both positions. The lack of relationships between stability indices registered in standing and handstand in juniors suggests that the analysis of the values of stability indices obtained in a standing position does not provide the possibility of predicting the ability to maintain balance in the handstand during the recruitment of candidates for gymnastics.

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The role of hippotherapeutic exercises with larger support surface in development of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability

Ambroży T., Mazur-Rylska A., Chwała W., Ambroży D., Mucha T., Omorczyk J., Ostrowski A., Mucha D.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2017

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Vol. 19, no. 4

143--151

EN

Purpose: Maintaining balance in humans involves continuous changes in parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hippotherapeutic exercises on development of the sense of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability. Methods: The study examined 50 randomly chosen boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability from the special education centre in Leżajsk, Poland. The study participants were divided into two groups: experimental group, who participated for 3 months in hippotherapeutic classes and the control group, with boys attending outdoor or indoor physical education classes. Before and after completion of the study, both experimental and control groups were diagnosed by means of Accu SwayPlus force plate. The force plate was used to determine alterations in the position of the centre of pressure (COP) on the platform in the frontal and sagittal planes in relaxed standing position with feet spread to the shoulder width and with eye control with respect to the base of support (BOS). The description was based on mean displacement of the centre of gravity (COG), mean velocity of displacements of the COG, mean radial displacement and total length of the COP pathway. Results: In the experimental group, equestrian exercises induced a series of significant changes that pointed to the improved balance reactions. The character of these changes in the positions analysed was similar: values of body sway in the sagittal plane and their range and mean displacements decreased statistically significantly after training. The same tendency was observed for mean radial displacements in the free open position and with closed support surface. Furthermore, the velocity of displacement and the length of the COP’s projection pathway on the support surface in the free open position was also reduced. All significant changes and trends found for the experimental group, which occurred after 3 month of hippotherapeutic classes, suggest improved parameters of balance. Conclusions: The lack of changes in balance parameters in the control group shows that the hippotherapeutic classes significantly develop balance abilities in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability.

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Postural stability in women in the eighth and ninth decades of life

Puszczałowska-Lizis E., Bujas P., Omorczyk J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2016

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Vol. 18, no. 3

115--121

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was an attempt to evaluate changes in the level of static equilibrium and the impact of visual information on the effectiveness of postural reactions of women in geriatric age. Methods: 36 senior female residents of L.A. Helc Nursing Home in Cracow, Poland, were examined. Considering the age, 2 groups were distinguished: group I – women at the age 71– 80 and group II – women aged 81–87. Their balance was assessed with stabilographic platform CQ Stab 2P. Measurements of the body stability were made in free standing position, with eyes open and eyes closed. Comparison of selected indicators of stability between the groups of the women was made with the Mann–Whitney U test. To assess the significance of differences between the results obtained in the test with eyes open and without visual control the Wilcoxon test was used. Results: Statistically significant differences between the results obtained in the groups concerned the length of the statokineziogram path on the X-axis, as well as the average speed of the COP movement on the X-axis. In the test without the visual control both groups showed statistically significant deterioration in most indicators of stability. Conclusions: Loss of postural control as a result of progressive involutional changes in the aging process is characterized by the intensity of the body instability in the frontal plane. These results indicate the need of applying in the rehabilitation programmes for elderly people adequate solutions, including the exercises directed at developing new or enhancing the decaying adjustment mechanisms.

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High-frequency video capture and a computer program with frame-by-frame angle determination functionality as tools that support judging in artistic gymnastics

Omorczyk J., Nosiadek L., Ambroży T., Nosiadek A.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2015

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Vol. 17, no. 3

85--93

EN

Purpose: The main aim of this study was to verify the usefulness of selected simple methods of recording and fast biomechanical analysis performed by judges of artistic gymnastics in assessing a gymnast’s movement technique. Material and methods: The study participants comprised six artistic gymnastics judges, who assessed back handsprings using two methods: a real-time observation method and a frame-by-frame video analysis method. They also determined flexion angles of knee and hip joints using the computer program. Results: In the case of the real-time observation method, the judges gave a total of 5.8 error points with an arithmetic mean of 0.16 points for the flexion of the knee joints. In the high-speed video analysis method, the total amounted to 8.6 error points and the mean value amounted to 0.24 error points. For the excessive flexion of hip joints, the sum of the error values was 2.2 error points and the arithmetic mean was 0.06 error points during real-time observation. The sum obtained using frame-by-frame analysis method equaled 10.8 and the mean equaled 0.30 error points. Conclusions: Error values obtained through the frame-by-frame video analysis of movement technique were higher than those obtained through the real-time observation method. The judges were able to indicate the number of the frame in which the maximal joint flexion occurred with good accuracy. Using the real-time observation method as well as the high-speed video analysis performed without determining the exact angle for assessing movement technique were found to be insufficient tools for improving the quality of judging.

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Logistyka w procesie treningu sportowego zawodników ju-jitsu

Ambroży T., Mucha D., Ambroży D., Ostrowski A., Omorczyk J.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

13964--13974, CD 6

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było zaprezentowanie działań logistycznych realizowanych w dążeniu do optymalizacji procesu szkolenia sportowego w ju-jitsu sportowym. Przedstawiono najbardziej efektywne sposoby pracy szkoleniowej. Podstawę analizy stanowiły dwa alternatywne sposoby planowania i organizowania zajęć treningowych w postaci klasycznej oraz blokowej periodyzacji szkolenia. Pierwszy sposób stosuje się w szkoleniu zawodników na wszystkich poziomach zaawansowania sportowego, a oparty jest o trzy zasadnicze okresy treningowe: przygotowawczy, startowy i przejściowy, natomiast drugi w pracy z zawodnikami klasy mistrzowskiej, których trening związany jest z dużą ilością startów w zawodach. Jest on krótszy i podzielony na fazy akumulacji, intensyfikacji, transformacji oraz regeneracji.

EN

The aim of this paper is to present logistic actions taken in the course of optimization of ju-jitsu training process. The most effective training methods have been presented. The basis for the analysis are two alternative methods used to plan and organize training, namely classical and modular training periodization. Whereas the former is used in training of trainees at all levels of advancement and is based on three basic training periods: preparatory, starting and transition one, the latter is used in champions training and related to numerous participation in competitions. It is shorter and divided into the following stages: accumulation, intensification, transformation and regeneration stages.