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2 2019

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Phytochemical screening and in vitro antimicrobial properties of Annona muricata extracts against certain human pathogens

Oluyege J.O., Orjiakor Paul Ikechukwu, Badejo O.E.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2019

nr 60 (132)

203--209

All over the world, the use of medicinal plants is gaining more acceptability due to the possibility of discovering novel drugs from them and solving the problem of antimicrobial resistance associated with conventional antibiotics. The phytochemical composition and antimicrobial properties of crude extracts of the leaves, stems, and bark of Annona muricata were evaluated on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typimurium, while the antifungal properties were evaluated against Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. The Agar well method was used for the study. At concentrations of 150 mg/ml and 300 mg/ml, inhibitory effects were observed on E. coli and S. aureus, with a visible zone of inhibition ranging from 15 mm to 21 mm respectively, and with respect to N- hexane, an antimicrobial activity range of 5 mm to 20 mm, for the leaf extract, which shows effective antimicrobial action against E. coli and S. aureus. Hot water extracts were observed to possess more bioactive compounds compared to organic solvent extracts, and exhibit higher ranges of activity against the tested bacterial species. All extracts exhibited low anti-fungal activity in the range of 8 mm to 15 mm. The phytochemical screening of the extracts of different parts of A. muricata revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and cardiac glycosides. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts was compared with a standard antibiotic, ketoconazole, and with ampicillin, which served as the controls). The results showed that A. muricata can be used as an anti-bacterial substance, since it shows broad spectrum activity against a range of bacteria responsible for the most common bacterial illnesses. Further research will be necessary to ascertain its full spectrum of efficacy.

Kinetic properties of Lipase obtained from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from crude oil contaminated soil

Femi-Ola Titilayo Olufunke, Orjiakor Paul Ikechukwu, Enerijiofi Kingsley Erhons, Oke Iyanuoluwa Omolade, Fatoyinbo Adebayo Adeola

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2019

nr 59 (131)

154--161

Soil contaminated with crude oil has negatively affected some of the communities in Ekiti State region in Nigeria. There is an increased interest in microbial lipases because of their enormous potential in industrial and biotechnological applications. This study investigated the characteristics of partially-purified lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from oil-contaminated soil in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State. The lipase was purified by gel-filtration, having a molecular weight of 39.11 kDa, with Km and Vmax values of 12.50 and 28.86, respectively. The enzyme had an optimal pH of 8.0 and exhibited its maximal activity at 50°C, whereas the relatively stable temperature and pH were 40°C and 5.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was enhanced by olive oil, which served as the carbon source. Sodium chloride enhanced lipase activity, while calcium chloride acted as mild inhibitor, and iron chloride acted a strong inhibitor. The lipase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa possessed properties of an industrial enzyme and will be useful for biodegradation and bioremediation studies.