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Terrestrial versus marine archives : biostratigraphical correlation of the Middle Pleistocene lacustrine records from central Europe and their equivalents in the deep-sea cores from the Portuguese margin

Bińka K., Marks L.

Geological Quarterly

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2018

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Vol. 62, No. 1

69--80

EN

The palaeolake from Ossówka, eastern Poland, is an unusual example of basin, in which sedimentation lasted from the beginning of the Holsteinian through several climatic oscillations until the Early Saalian, i.e. over a period of ~70,000 years. This provides us with the opportunity of correlating the dynamically changing events on land with their potential equivalents in the marine profiles. Alkenone-based temperature reconstructions using Uk’37 are an unusual tool in this respect. Nevertheless, as a result, we successfully relate this pollen sequence to the changing SST (sea surface temperature) values in the colder phases of MIS 11. The bipartite Ferdinandovian Interglacial was previously correlated with the upper part of the Cromerian complex (MIS 13 and MlS 15). Having at our disposal limits in the SST alkenone-based record, we clearly identify the stratigraphic position of the second warm phase of MIS 15 and a small fragment of MIS 14. In our opinion, the Rhume Interglacial, identified in Germany, should be located within MIS 13. Using the available orbitally tuned chronology, we also give a substantial input to estimate duration of these terrestrial interglacials, indicating the starting and ending points of their equivalents in the alkenone records.

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Upper Pleistocene palaeoenvironmental changes at the Zwierzyniec site, Central Poland

Kalińska-Nartiša E., Dzierżek J., Bińka K., Borkowski A., Rydelek P., Zawrzykraj P.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 3

610--623

EN

The paper presents the data on an Eemian–Late Glacial sedimentary sequence from the Zwierzyniec site, central Poland. A number of boreholes document one or two organic layers that occur beneath one or two horizons of clayey and silty deposits of ice-dammed lakes. This study demonstrates to which extent the Zwierzyniec site can contribute to a better understanding of the palaeoenvironmental changes during the Eemian–Vistulian time-frame in central Poland. To study it, a multi-proxy approach was applied, involving: palynological and plant macrofossil analysis, study of rounding of quartz grains and morphology of their surface, and investigations of sand mineralogy and till petrography. The results show that a till bed is overlain by a sandy series corresponding to the glacial-interglacial transition. Either one or two distinct peaks of organic accumulation are evidenced by peat horizons. The lower horizon records spectra with hazel and hornbeam, and did, therefore, accumulate in the Eemian. Observed only in some boreholes, the upper peat horizon marks the Brørup (or the lower part of the Rederstall stadial) represented by forest-steppe conditions with patchy mosaics of larch and further transition into sedges and herbaceous taxa. Localized in between the two peat sequences, the sandy horizon marks a long-lasting aeolian transformation with weathering by frost in the Early Vistulian. Again, significant changes of the palaeoenvironmental regime occurred, and are manifested in the one or two horizons of the glaciolacustrine sediments. This corresponded to the last glaciation in the region, when the ice-dammed lakes formed during the Main Stadial.

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Changes of sedimentation in the Drużno Lake based on geoarchaeological data from the Teutonic fortress in Elbląg, North Poland

Nitychoruk J., Szymanek M., Bińka K., Kasprzycka M., Zbucki Ł.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2016

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Vol. 66, no. 1

85--98

EN

The wooden structures unearthed in 2012 during archaeological excavation in the courtyard of the Museum of Archaeology and History in Elbląg have been dated using the dendrochronological method to the period between 1245 and 1302, which allows them to be considered to be parts of a Teutonic fortress. The remains of the wooden building located directly on the prehistoric lacustrine sediments created a unique opportunity to reconstruct the near-shore sedimentation of the Drużno Lake. Geological, malacological and palynological methods were applied during the investigation. The results, compared with the ranges of both the Drużno Lake and the Vistula Lagoon, known from previous studies of the region, allowed the correlation of a phase of a deep lake with the “Roman Period”. Rapid shallowing of the lake occurred in the “Migration Period”. The final disappearance of the lake in the area of modern Elbląg occurred in the early Middle Ages.

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Lightning-caused and human-induced forest fires as evidenced by Pteridium spores in selected Quaternary records from Poland

Bińka K., Nitychoruk J.

Studia Quaternaria

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2013

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Vol. 30, Nr 1

29--40

EN

The occurrence of Pteridium spores - the common fire-adapted plant - was observed in Poland's Pleistocene (three interglacials and numerous interstadials) and Holocene pollen sequences. Until the onset of the middle Holocene, bracken was recorded relatively rarely. This marks climatic conditions with sporadic wildfires, followed by quick removal of the clones (or maintenance of the clones in a suppressed state) in the subsequent, post fire successional stages. In each interglacial we can also identify short periods (most often synchronous) of somewhat higher frequency of Pteridium, indicating a possible increase in natural fires as an effect of stormy conditions. These short periods are placed mainly within phases dominated by coniferous woodlands. The very high content of bracken found from a reanalysis of the long Saalian sequence at Ossówka as three regular culminations just above three non-tree phases, eastern Poland is the unique exception. To explain this we found the close modern analogue of the above phenomenon in the Alaskan region, at the boundary between the tundra and the boreal zone where in a very narrow forest zone, especially with the continental signature, lightning-initiated fires are very frequent (the edge effect). Pleistocene records of bracken during forest periods might indicate that thunderstorms and lightning strikes were responsible for its higher content. This is not to exclude the possibility that interglacial fires were set by Palaeolithic humans. However, it is more likely that the wildfires were utilized and to some extent controlled, especially at Ossówka, where the palaeolake existed for a long time after the interglacial; and this surely attracted the attention of game and humans. Our investigations show that rare, more abundant Pteridium in the Pleistocene sequences can be traced throughout the corresponding periods even at distant sites. This might be indirect evidence of a climatic pattern that promote stormy conditions and fires at that time. In the Holocene, different factors seem to be responsible for the long-term dynamics in Pteridium clones. Both in Poland and in adjacent areas bracken peaked in the middle Holocene from 8000 to 5000 BP, when this territory was occupied by deciduous woodlands. There is agreement that this is due to burning of forests by the hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Mesolithic. However, in spite of increased clearings in the subsequent phases bracken substantially decreased in abundance. This means first of all that fires rather than clearings were responsible for the rise in Pteridium spores in the Holocene pollen sequences.

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Eemian and Vistulian pollen records from the Łomża region (NE Poland)

Bińka K., Ber A., Bałuk A.

Geological Quarterly

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2006

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Vol. 50, No. 4

437-446

EN

In the Łomża region, northeastern Poland, many new lacustrine and peat deposits have been found. Pollen analysis of borehole material shows that they accumulated mostly during the Eemian Interglacial. Parts of these sites were active in the Vistulian, probably in its early phases. The sites analysed usually represent small lakes or peat-bogs sediment with accumulating in different time intervals of the Eemian. Only exceptionally they are represented by deep-water facies with a decrease in water level not before the hornbeam zone, as seen at many Eemian sites in Poland. Especially interesting is the occurrence in the pollen spectra of a number of exotic taxa such as Viburnum lantana, Bruckenthalia spiculifolia, Falcaria vulgaris, Lycopodium lucidulum t. noted previously in the Eemian Interglacial mainly in the south and in the southeastern Poland, where milder climatic conditions prevailed. The analysed interglacial spectra also show signs of plant—animal interaction. Such signs have been observed in Holocene and Vistulian strata, although in other pollen taxa. Pollen affected by these processes may come to resemble other species and so be misidentified.

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Apiaceae - contribution to the flora history in light of Pollen analysis with a special reference to the Holocene site at Błędowo (Central Poland)

Bińka K.

Studia Quaternaria

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2003

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Vol. 20

35-60

EN

Pollen grains of Apiaceae from the profile at Błędowo, Mazovia region, Central Poland were identified. Pollen of this family occurs in higher frequencies in the Late Glacial, the beginning of the Holocene and in the periods under strong human influence. Transfer of pollen of Apiaceae from plants to lake deposits is different for particular species and depends rather on insect activity during the season as well as on the activity of their predators and/or the oscillation of animal populations than the selectivity in insect feeding. Different environmental conditions around the sites, which result in various patterns of transfer agents can cause some difficulties in interpretation of vegetational changes inferred from pollen data.

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The Late Saalian, Eemian and Early Vistulian pollen sequence at Dziewule, eastern Poland

Bińka K., Nitychoruk J.

Geological Quarterly

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2003

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Vol. 47, No 2

155-168

EN

A relatively undisturbed pollen sequence from the Late Saalian–Eemian–Early Vistulian interval has been discovered in Dziewule in the Podlasie region, eastern Poland. Geological and palynological investigations are used to illustrate the evolution of Eemian climate, which, at this site, shows no large-scale and abrupt oscillations. Almost full interglacial conditions are already present from the early part of the sequence (the end of the boreal Betula–Pinus Zone). Thermophilous indicator plants (e.g. Viburnum lantana, Cornus mas, Cotinus coggygria—newly found in the Eemian of Poland) show their maximum occurrence in the second half of the Quercus Zone and in the Corylus Zone, marking the climatic optimum of the interglacial. We found no signs of substantial climate fluctuations in the Carpinus Zone suggested by some authors.

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Early vistulian deposits at Swinna Poręba, western outer carpathians (s. Poland)

Bińka K., Grzybowski K.

Studia Quaternaria

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2001

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Vol. 18

11-16

EN

Alluvial and oxbow deposits preserved 18 m above the Skawa River valley floor are related to the Early Vistulian. Pollen analysis of the two mainly terrestrial profiles revealed a boreal forest succession. The age of the deposits is discussed.