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Zagospodarowanie katolitu z elektrolizy przeponowej wodnego roztworu chlorku potasu

Lemanowska E., Buczkowski R., Kasikowski T., Łoń K., Peszyńska-Białczyk K.

Ekologia i Technika

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2003

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R. 11, nr 5

3-11

PL

Węglan potasu jest jednym z najważniejszych substancji nieorganicznych wykorzystywanych w przemyśle. Najważniejszym odbiorcą tego produktu jest przemysł szklarski (44% podaży), natomiast pozostałe 56% przypada na inne gałęzie przemysłu m.in. przemysł spożywczy, farmaceutyczny oraz włókienniczy. W pracy przedstawiono możliwość wykorzystania katolitu z elektrolizy przeponowej wodnego roztworu chlorku potasu do produkcji węglanu potasu. Proponowane rozwiązanie pozwala zagospodarować nadmiar tego półproduktu w przemyśle elektrochemicznym. Przytoczono również ilościowy opis krystalizacji masowej wodorowęglanu potasu.

EN

The potassium carbonate is one of the most important inorganic substance used in the industry. The large buyer of this product is the glass industry (44% of supply), however remaining 56% falls onto others branches of industry i.e. food, pharmaceutical and textile industry. The possibility of using of catholyte coming from the diaphragm electrolysis of potassium chloride aqueous solution in production of potassium carbonate has been presented in this paper. The proposed solution allows to utilize of excess of this products in the electrochemical industry. The quantitative description of mass crystallization of potassium bicarbonate was quoted also in this work.

2

Wykorzystanie komunalnych osadów ściekowych z oczyszczalni ścieków w Aleksandrowie Kujawskim

Buczkowski R., Dejewska B., Szmechtig-Gauden E., Peszyńska-Białczyk K., Szymański T.

Ekologia i Technika

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2003

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R. 11, nr 3

16-23

EN

The problems resulting from increasing amounts of deposited sewage sludge have lead to launching studies concerned with their biological and agricultural utilization. Such sewage sludge can be applicable in agriculture as long as the following four rules are respected and obeyed: a good agricultural practice is maintained, a long-term soil productivity is preserved, public nuisance due to sludge application is eliminated, and last but not least, all the regulations concerned with protection of underground waters, safety of both human and animal health, as well as soil environment are observed. The paper presents the results of an experiment in which compost based on a biological sludge from a municipal waste treatment plant in Aleksandrów Kujawski were applied as fertilizers.

3

Oznaczanie metali ciężkich w zbożach metodą WD-XRF

Buczkowski R., Szymański T., Peszyńska-Białczyk K., Igliński B.

Ekologia i Technika

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2003

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R. 11, nr 2

25-30

EN

Several calibration samples based on four crops commonly cultivated in Poland, i.e. barley, oat, rye and wheat have been prepared. Grinded grain matrix was artificially contaminated by addition of solution containing selected metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn). The contamination levels were following: 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40 and 50 mg of metal per kg of dry contaminated material. So obtained calibration samples were used to create calibration graphs. The real concentration of studied metals was determinated by AAS and ICP methods. To validate the method - verify its sensitivity, reproducibility and accuracy - each calibration sample was made in three repetitions and measured twice. For each metal the calibration curve was made with regard to standard deviation and standard error. There have been also determinated confidence levels for 1-a=0,95. Calibration graph equations and their correlation coefficient were also calculated. In examined range for each metal was stated the existence of linear relation between concentration and analytical signal intensity. Correlation coefficient for all metals, except Cd and Zn, were higher than 0,97 what permits to conclude that the used method is suitable for such type of analysis. Using t-Student test it was proved that is no statistically significant differences between the insensitivity of the signals of studied metals in different matrixes.

4

Gospodarka odpadami medycznymi w ustawodawstwie europejskim i krajowym w obliczu intergracji Polski z Unią Europejską

Peszyńska-Białczyk K., Szymański T., Buczkowski R.

Ekologia i Technika

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2003

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R. 11, nr 3

3-10

EN

The EU environmental legislative output includes over 300 legal acts which are aimed at the improvement of environmental quality, whereas their majority is focused on environmental protection and elimination of potential trade barriers, those might arise because of lacking uniform ecological standards. It is assumed, that integration with EU, while covering also the adjustment in the field of environmental protection policy and law, will result in stimulation of development of the Polish economy, and in turn, in positive changes in the field of environmental protection. Waste management (for example medical waste management) issues have been one of the most difficult problems for its negotiation. The situation in the waste management sector is also changing, adjusting to existing and new regulations. A number of new acts and secondary legislation have adjusted domestic environmental protection requirements to those of the European Union. The Act on Waste of April 27, 2001 sets out the obligation of preparing and adopting waste management plans at all levels of self-government. The so-called introductory act sets out a very ambitious schedule for the implementation of these plans.The aim of this paper is showing the last changes in law regulation concerning waste management in Poland. It is strictly connected with our integration with UE.

5

Bezodpadowa technologia kwasu cytrynowego z wykorzystaniem membran bipolarnych

Igliński B., Warszawski A., Buczkowski R., Peszyńska-Białczyk K.

Ekologia i Technika

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2003

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R. 11, nr 1

14-20

PL

Przeprowadzono badania konwersji cytrynianu trisodu na kwas cytrynowy i wodorotlenek sodu z użyciem membran jonowymiennych i bipolarnych. Określono zmianę stężenia reagentów: kwasu cytrynowego, zasady sodowej i cytrynianu w trakcie trwania procesu. Okazało się, iż metodą tą można otrzymać kwas cytrynowy z dużą szybkością konwersji. Zaletą konwersji z wykorzystaniem membran jest eliminacja stałego odpadu siarczanu(VI) wapnia, co decyduje między innymi o konkurencyjności tego rozwiązania względem konwencjonalnej, odpadowej technologii.

EN

The investigations of sodium citrate (Na3Cit) conversion to citric acid and NaOH using bipolar membranes were carried out. Citric acid, NaOH and Na3Cit concentrations were determined. Citric acid was obtained with high conversion rate. Major advantage of this method is elimination of solid waste (CaSO4).