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1

The possibility of modifying the lubricity of transmission oils in industrial gears

Landowski B., Sójka M., Muślewski Ł.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

231--237

EN

The study deals with the issue of durability extension of multi-phase gears working under temporary or constant loading. The tests were performed for transmission oils used in power transmission systems of beet washers of DC type used in sugar plants. The lubricity parameters of oils and the possibilities of their modification through introduction of low-friction additives to the oil were studied. Additionally, the noise level emitted by working gears was measured before and after addition of the modifier. Lubricity tests were performed on semi-Timken apparatus, on which friction pairs friction roller- roller were tested with the use of oils extracted from the gear. SoundMeter application with MIC002 microphone adaptor was used for measurement of the noise level emission. Tests results have confirmed efficiency of the modifiers as higher values of friction loading were obtained and the noise emission level was reduced. It has been proven that in real operation systems, there is a possibility to increase the value of transmission oil lubricity parameters, which has a direct impact on durability of friction pairs of a gear during its operation.

2

Possibilities of extension of gear oil service life in rail vehicles

Muślewski Ł., Sójka M., Landowski B., Markiewicz-Patalon M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

309--316

EN

The study deals with the results of operational tests of gear oils used in a regional railway transport system. The character of the aging process and the impact of gear oil operation on the main factors determining further usability of gear oil have been defined on the basis of the results of carried out tests. It was proved that transport systems lack reliable convenient diagnostic methods for gear oil used during the process of operation. One of the criteria taken into consideration in decision-making is the period of oil change imposed by the gear manufacturer. The long process of oil application is accompanied by physicochemical changes, which cause degradation of its properties. This phenomenon is referred to as oil aging. This fact can cause loss of viscosity, increase in the amount of pollution, and in effect a decrease in the ability to provide a durable boundary film. The lubricating ability of oil decreases as well. An increase in the amount of pollution is caused by interaction of the collaborating friction elements and by pollutants coming from the gear environment. These changes are of permanent character and reflect the state of new characteristics referred to as operational characteristics. Gear oils have a certain lubricating ability, which is a critical parameter. This study is an attempt to find a way of the oil service life extension and convince the propulsion systems manufacturers that reduction of costs connected with rail vehicle maintenance does make sense.

3

Analysis of selected operating parameters of engine powered by a mixture of biocomponents and diesel oil

Markiewicz-Patalon M., Muślewski Ł., Kaszkowiak J., Knopik L.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 2

239--244

EN

Reaching of high parameters of a drive unit and low pollution of the natural environment is considered to be the most desired effect of motorization. The use of the additive in the form of fatty acid methyl esters to the diesel oil, assumes lowering of harmful fuel gases’ emission and reaching high operating parameters of an engine, such as power and turning moment. Studies on the power output and the turning moment of an engine with self-ignition are presented in the study. The subject matter of the studies was a combustion engine with self-ignition of the power of 80 kW with the direct common rail system and turbo-compressor’s supercharging and with electromagnetic injectors. The tested engine was powered with diesel oil and the mixture of fatty acid methyl esters and the diesel fuel, in proportions 10%, 30% and 50% with an improver, at the standard settings of the fuel injection controllers. The vehicle used for the testing purposes, has been singled out with respect to the specific features, such as: universality of its use as a means of transportation and the opportunity of modification of the injection parameters, resistance to possible unfavourable consequences resulting from the use of the fuel mixture. The studies were conducted on a chassis test house, at full engine’s loading. The vehicle placed on the test house’s rollers, was strapped with belts to the foundation, and then accelerated up to the specific speed and subjected to loading standing in place. In such a manner, the road conditions were simulated. The obtained results of the tests were subject to the statistical analysis. From their analysis it results, that application of the mixture lowers the engine’s parameters to a degree unnoticeable at the time of its operation.

4

Analysis of changes in traffic rules and assessment of their impact on road traffic safety

Muślewski Ł., Landowski B., Pająk M., Sójka M.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 4

299--308

EN

Road safety is an important social issue. Hence, changes in road traffic rules have a large influence on travel safety improvement. One of the major issues to be addressed is the speed limit of motor vehicles and radar speed measurements. Moreover, road traffic rules impose the obligation to wear safety belts during driving, carrying children in car safety seats and they put a ban on drink driving as well as driving under the influence of other intoxicating substances that have a negative influence on the driver’s physical condition and driving skills. This study analyses changes in traffic rules and provides assessment of the way they affect road traffic safety in Poland. The study presents an analysis of the issues connected with road vehicle operation and safety of the passengers including: wearing safety seat belts, use of children car safety seats, vehicle lighting, speed limit. Such issues as the proposed changes in breathalyzer use and implementation of safety systems to provide road users with safety have been addressed.

5

Method of building a model of operational changes for the marine combustion engine describing the impact of the damages of this engine on the characteristics of its operation process

Landowski B., Pająk M., Żółtowski B., Muślewski Ł.

Polish Maritime Research

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2017

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nr 4

67--76

EN

This article deals with the modeling of the processes of operating both marine main and auxiliary engines. The paper presents a model of changes in operating conditions of ship’s internal combustion engine. The semi-Markov decision process was used to mathematically describe the process model of the engine. The developed model describes the effect of engine damage on the characteristics of its operation. A change in the input parameters of the model can simulate the influence of internal and external factors on the course of the analyzed process. A simplified calculation example is also presented for illustration purposes. The presented method together with developed algorithms and IT tools can be used to solve a wide range of problems related to the operation of marine main engines and other marine equipment as well as maritime and port facilities. This concerns primarily the economic, risk management and operational security issues of complex technical systems, as well as the readiness and reliability analysis of technical facilities.

6

Semi-Markov model of quality state changes of a selected transport system

Landowski B., Muślewski Ł., Knopik L., Bojar P.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

141--148

EN

The study deals with the problems connected with evaluation and analysis of transport systems operational quality. The research object is a real, sociotechnical system (of the type H-M-E) whose functional quality is affected by: operators, equipment and technical state of he operated vehicles and the environmental impact. A scheme of an assessment model was built on the basis of a developed concept of a system operational quality and a random process was defined to be used for the analysis. The assessment process involves investigating the variability degree of properties included in the resultant model in a given time and determining whether and to what degree the obtained values meet the requirements of the system appropriate operational quality. On the basis of the above assumptions and in result of experimental tests, four qualitative states of a transport system functioning, which represent intervals of values of the obtained grades in given time moments, were distinguished. The study presents a model of system operation qualitative state changes developed with the use of Markov chain inserted into a certain semi-Markov process. A graph and a matrix for probability of transition between the states were created and boundary distributions of the process were determined on the basis of experimentally obtained data. A system of equations was determined for the distinguished Markov chain, on the basis of which a mathematical model for assessment and control of operational quality of selected types of transport systems will be built.

7

Evaluation of operational availability of municipal transport system

Woropay M., Bojar P., Muślewski Ł.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

355--361

EN

The primary subject of research is the procedure leading to safe, efficient, reliable and timely completion of transport tasks. The tasks, assigned to the transport system, are carried out by an operative subsystem, comprised of elementary subsystems of the man – technical object (operator-vehicle) type. The timely and safe completion of the tasks is influenced by the level of availability and reliability of elementary subsystems. Those in control of the process of the use of means of transport (vehicles) should undertake control decisions in such a way that would correctly evaluate the efficiency of process completion. In the area of public transport, technical availability of buses constitutes an important criterion of the evaluation of transport system. As a result, the transport company should provide continuous surveillance of the process of vehicle use in order to achieve running availability of the whole system. The requirements expected from devices and machines used head towards servicing via preventive method taking into account the technical condition of the system. Such an approach is a transformation towards technical system servicing process management. Correct completion of transport tasks is possible when the required traffic safety is met, taking into consideration the technical condition of the means of transport. The municipal transport systems should ensure the quality of the services provided to meet the expectations of the users. In the set of characteristics of the researched transport system, the following ones stand out: regularity, availability, reliability, course frequency, travel comfort, timeliness, speed, service complexity, competitive cost of transport service, and safety.

8

Assessment of the suitability of the fuels with component power engines

Markiewicz-Patalon M., Muślewski Ł., Kaszkowiak J., Landowski B.

Journal of KONES

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2017

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Vol. 24, No. 4

187--192

EN

The article presents the results of laboratory tests of selected properties of fuels available on the market and fuels with higher density component B100 obtained from rapeseed oil (10, 30, 50 and 100%). An analysis of the cetane number, viscosity, and weight of the ash remaining after combustion of fuel samples was made. It was found that the cetane number of pure biocomponent is higher than diesel oil of mineral origin and it slowly decreased along with a decrease in the Extras component. All tested samples of fuels have appropriate cetane number to power internal combustion engines with compression ignition. The viscosity of the fuel samples measured at a temperature of 30ºC increased along with an increase in the content of biocomponent and approached the limit values for fuels. According to the results presented by other authors in their studies ash mass decreased along with an increase in the content of the component. Only premium diesel showed less ash mass than other fuel. The study includes also the energy value and the calorific value of liquid fuels with addition of a biocomponent, which power diesel engines. The results of the tests indicate a slight decrease in the calorific value of the fuel along with an increase in the content of biocomponent, which does not affect the ability to power the engines. Laboratory tests have proved that use of methyl esters of fatty acids in diesel fuel is the right choice to power diesel engines.

9

Method of availability control in the transport system using simulation model of operation and maintenance process

Migawa K., Neubauer A., Muślewski Ł., Landowski B.

Journal of KONBiN

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2017

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No. 44

59--80

EN

The paper presents the description of algorithm for calculation characteristics of simulation model for the operation and maintenance process of transport means. The model presented in the paper constitutes an integral element of the developed complex method of quality control in elaborate technical object performance systems. In the example presented in the paper, the evaluation criteria consist of the availability of technical object as well as unit profit generated in the states of the modeled operation and maintenance process. On the basis of the results of research carried out at an existing operation and maintenance system, entry data for the model were obtained and simulation experiments were carried out.

PL

W artykule przedstawiono opis algorytmu wyznaczania charakterystyk modelu symulacyjnego procesu eksploatacji środków transportu. Prezentowany model symulacji procesu eksploatacji stanowi element składowy opracowanej kompleksowej metody sterowania jakością działania złożonych systemów eksploatacji. W prezentowanym przykładzie kryteriami oceny są gotowość obiektu technicznego oraz dochód jednostkowy generowany w stanach modelowanego procesu eksploatacji. Na podstawie wyników badań zrealizowanych w rzeczywistym systemie eksploatacji, opracowano dane wejściowe modelu oraz wykonano eksperymenty symulacyjne.

10

Implementation of modular trucks into road transport

Muślewski Ł., Landowski B., Woropay M., Migawa K.

Journal of KONBiN

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2017

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No. 44

97--118

EN

In this article, an analysis of modular truck application in the road transport in Poland has been made. Terminology has been unified. Classification and law regulations applicable in different European countries and all over the world have been discussed. An analysis of existing solutions has been made and an optimal variant for road freight transport, including the condition and parameters of the road infrastructure in Poland, has been proposed. The study presents initial conceptual assumptions of this project as well as advisability of using these modular trucks, on the basis of a selected research object – the analyzed transport company. On this example, an analysis of costs and potential profits to be generated from transport services performed using the proposed modular trucks and with reference to costs borne by the investigated company with the use of currently operated transport means, has been made.

PL

W niniejszym artykule zrealizowano analizę i ocenę zastosowania systemów modułowych w transporcie drogowym w Polsce. Dokonano ujednolicenia terminologii, klasyfikacji oraz uwarunkowań prawnych obowiązujących w innych krajach europejskich i na świecie. W pracy dokonano analizy funkcjonujących rozwiązań i zaproponowano wybór optymalnego wariantu dla samochodowego transportu towarowego w Polsce, z uwzględnieniem stanu i parametrów krajowej infrastruktury drogowej. W opracowaniu opisano wstępne założenia koncepcyjne w tym obszarze, jak również dokonano analizy celowości zastosowania niniejszych zestawów modułowych na przykładzie wybranego obiektu badań - analizowanego przedsiębiorstwa transportowego, stanowiącego obiekt badań. Na jego przykładzie dokonano analizy kosztów i szacunkowych zysków z realizowanych procesów transportowych, z wykorzystaniem proponowanych zespołów modułowych, w odniesieniu do kosztów ponoszonych przez badane przedsiębiorstwo z zastosowaniem obecnie eksploatowanych środków transportowych.

11

A method for determining the usability potential of ship steam boilers

Muślewski Ł., Pająk M., Landowski B., Żółtowski B.

Polish Maritime Research

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2016

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nr 4

105--111

EN

Ship large-power steam boiler may serve as an example of complex critical technical system. A basis for rational control of operation of such system is knowledge on its capability of fulfilling the tasks to which it was intended. In order to make it possible to apply computer aiding to operational decision-making the capability should be described analytically. In this paper it was proposed to express the capability of ship steam boiler ( considered a complex system) to perform service tasks, by calculating components of its usability potential in a given instant t. To this end , was distinguished a set of steam boiler fundamental features which formulate space of its technical states. Values and characteristic intervals of the features were defined and this way sub-spaces of serviceability and non-serviceability states of the object in question were determined. Next, in the considered space, technical state of the boiler and its usability potential was determined. Owing to this it become possible to quantitatively express the steam boiler functioning capability which served as a basis for elaborating an algorithm for controlling the operational processes of a complex technical system under action. In this paper is also described a way of application of the presented method to calculation of ship steam boiler usability potential, which may be especially instrumental in the case of operational control of the boilers of the kind , equipped with interstage reheaters, i.e. those operating with high values of operational parameters.

12

Visibility of an untypical obstacle in low beam headlights during driving at night

Aleksandrowicz P., Muślewski Ł., Lewalski M.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 1

17--24

EN

The article deals with the problems connected with road traffic safety highlighting driver’s ability to notice an untypical obstacle in the light of low beam headlights while driving in the night. Visibility of an unlit object during the night is not only related to its motion but also to the necessity of its being lit to up to the required minimum height. On the basis of a study of a road accident, it was found that the standards accepted in reconstruction of the accident for determination of the light beam height to be used for lighting an obstacle should not be taken for granted. The driver’s surprise at the sight of an unlit obstacle is accompanied with the need to direct the light beam higher, which causes shortening of the distance available for a driver to react in an attempt to avoid hitting into an obstacle. An analysis of this case shows that verification of road accidents involving a crash with an untypical, incompatible obstacle that happen during the night needs to be carried out with attention and care. A simulation program V-SIM4 version and Ratschbacher AutoView database was used for calculation of the possibility to avoid an accident. The results obtained on the basis of the authors own investigations can also be used in information campaigns, education for road safety improvement and development of proper attitudes of the road traffic users.

13

Analysis of operation efficiency of selected transport systems

Muślewski Ł., Lewalski M., Aleksandrowicz P., Landowski B.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 3

351--358

EN

This study deals with the problems connected with evaluation of technical systems efficiency of particular transport systems. The main goal of such a system operation is its effective functioning, through rational control of its particular activities and subsequent processes. A literature analysis of the definition of the efficiency term has been made. A real transport system has been accepted to be the research object. The system belongs to the group of sociotechnical systems in which evaluation of its operation efficiency depends on performance of operators, transport means and the impact of environmental factors. Criteria and methods of operation efficiency evaluation have been determined in this study as well as assessment indexes for transport systems. It has been shown that evaluation of a repair efficiency has a large influence on the efficiency of the whole system operation, especially the influence of secondary failure repairs, on the values of particular efficiency indexes. A semi-markov model of operation and maintenance of transport means used in the research object has been developed. This model provides the basis for evaluation of the influence of the processes involved in preparing transport means for service on the system operation efficiency. Moreover, the research also describes how to verify the developed model and present its simulation tests. The study is summarized with conclusions formulated based on the evaluation of the influence of the operation and maintenance processes on the investigated transport system operation efficiency.

14

A method for identification of non-coaxiality in engine shaft lines of a selected type of naval ships

Grządziela A., Musiał J., Muślewski Ł., Pająk M.

Polish Maritime Research

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2015

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nr 1

65--71

EN

A correctly designed machine is characteristic of low vibration values. However wear processes occur during its operation. They are accompanied by a lack of balance of its rotating parts and elements, which results in non-coaxiality of shafts. For this reason energy and dynamic load resulting from machine vibrations grows. In this case cause and effect are mutually connected by feedback, that inevitably leads to occurrence of a failure. This paper presents results of investigations carried out on the basis of vibration analysis of propulsion systems installed on 207P minesweepers. In view of specific features of their operation it is very important to ensure high level of reliability for them. For this reason was done an attempt to develop a method intended for identifying non-coaxiality of shaft line systems of engines propelling the ships. 16 characteristic features of recorded vibration signals were selected. As any of them has not satisfied criteria assigned to features which unambiguously determine state of reliability of shaft line systems, the investigations have been continued and as a result a novel method for non-coaxiality identification was proposed. The method consists in determining unserviceability clusters and assumes that characteristic features are of a concentrated character. This way a non-coaxiality of main engine shaft lines of 207P minesweepers could be detected. This paper presents the proposed method and results of its application to the case in question.

15

Analiza i ocena wpływu uwarunkowań ergonomicznych stanowiska operatora na bezpieczeństwo działania systemu eksploatacji środków transportowych

Muślewski Ł., Muciok Ł., Dulcet E.

Logistyka

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2015

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nr 4

2056--2063, CD2

PL

Wraz ze wzrostem zapotrzebowania na rozwój społeczny i gospodarczy, nie wszystkie elementy systemów antropotechnicznych rozwinęły się w sposób zrównoważony. Jest to przyczyną dość niskiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa systemów, czego skutkiem jest stosunkowo duża liczba wypadków, a co się z tym wiąże, ofiar zabitych i rannych w wyniku kolizji i wypadków drogowych. Systemy transportowe są systemami socjotechnicznymi typu Człowiek – Maszyna – Otoczenie , w których główną przyczyną zdarzeń niepożądanych jest oddziaływanie człowieka. Czynnik ludzki to nie tylko operator środka transportu, ale i pasażerowie, osoby pracujące w otoczeniu, przechodnie, osoby odpowiedzialne za zarządzanie i organizację systemu transportowego, oraz inne osoby oddziałujące na system. W pracy podjęto problematykę wpływu oddziaływań projektowanych rozwiązań ergonomicznych, w wybranych środkach eksploatacji środków transportowych, oddziałujących na bezpieczeństwo ich działania, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem oceny funkcjonowania i niezawodności działania operatora.

EN

With the increase in demand for social and economic development, not all items anthropotechnical systems developed in a sustainable way. This is the reason for the relatively low level of system security, resulting in a relatively high number of accidents and what's involved, victims killed and injured as a result of collisions and road traffic accidents. Transport systems are systems of type Human – Technical Object - Setting , in which the major cause of adverse events of human interaction. The human factor is not only the operator of the means of transport, but also passengers, people working in the environment, passers-by, persons responsible for the management and organization of the transport system and other persons acting on the system. In this work the problem of the impact of the projected impacts of ergonomic solutions in selected public service of vehicles, affecting the safety of their activities, with particular reference to the functioning and reliability of the operator.

16

Analiza bezpieczeństwa działania wybranego systemu eksploatacji środków transportowych na podstawie oceny oddziaływania wpływu czynnika ludzkiego

Muślewski Ł., Muciok Ł., Dulcet E.

Logistyka

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2015

|

nr 4

2050--2055, CD2

PL

Pomimo wzrostu zapotrzebowania na transport, jako głównej gałęzi przyczyniającej się do rozwoju gospodarczego kraju, należy podkreślić, że nie wszystkie elementy systemu spełniają podstawowe wymogi dotyczące bezpieczeństwa ich funkcjonowania. Jest to przyczyną dość niskiego poziomu bezpieczeństwa systemu transportu drogowego, czego skutkiem jest stosunkowo duża liczba wypadków, czego następstwem jest liczba ofiar zabitych i rannych. Systemy transportu drogowego są systemami socjotechnicznymi typu Człowiek – Obiekt Techniczny – Otoczenie , w których główną przyczyną zdarzeń niepożądanych jest oddziaływanie człowieka. Czynnik ludzki stanowi podstawowy czynnik wpływający na bezpieczeństwo ich działania. W pracy podjęto próbę budowy modelu oraz metody oceny kształtowania bezpieczeństwa działania systemu transportowego, na podstawie wpływu czynnika ludzkiego, która będzie narzędziem wspomagającym dla decydentów zajmujących się organizacją i zarządzaniem systemów transportowych, a ich adekwatność została potwierdzona na podstawie oceny wyników badań eksploatacyjnych oraz wyników zrealizowanej symulacji komputerowej.

EN

Despite the increase in demand for transport, as the main branch of contributing to the economic development of the country, it should be emphasized that not all elements of the system meet the basic requirements for the safety of their operations. This is the reason for the relatively low level of society the Security-road transport system, resulting in a relatively high number of accidents, resulting in the number of those killed and wounded. Road transport systems are the type of systems Human- Technical Object - Setting , in which the major cause of adverse events is the human impact. The human factor is an essential factor for the safety of their operations. This paper attempts to build the model and the method of evaluating the safety of the transport system operation under the influence of the human factor that will support tool for decision makers involved in the organization and management of transport systems and their adequacy has been confirmed on the basis of the results of field tests and the results of the computer simulation.

17

Analysis and evaluation of application of car modular systems in polish road transport

Muślewski Ł., Lewalski M., Woropay M.

Journal of KONES

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2015

|

Vol. 22, No. 4

211--220

EN

This study presents an analysis and evaluation of application of European Car Modular Systems in the Polish road transport. Those systems and respective terminology have been analysed and classified. Application of such systems in other countries of the European Union has been described. SWAT analysis has also been carried out in order to enable the most optimal choice of modular system in freight transport to match the condition and characteristics of the Polish road infrastructure. The systems have also been analysed in terms of efficiency and the analysis was performed on the basis of a selected research object – a transport company. An analysis of costs and estimated profits from transport services to be provided by those systems has been carried out on the basis of the research object in comparison with costs borne by the considered company with currently used transport means. This study shows that taking into consideration the results of analyses, safety aspect, road infrastructure and energy efficiency of the vehicles it was found that the proposed oversized vehicles could be implemented to be used on the Polish roads. The analyses and tests performed for a transport logistic company discussed in this article have demonstrated that the proposed modular systems will undoubtedly allow reducing significantly the costs of transport services by increasing load capacity of vehicles.

18

The analysis and evaluation assessment of safety of selected types of exploitation systems means of transport

Muślewski Ł., Bojar P., Muciok Ł., Lewalski M.

Journal of KONBiN

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2015

|

No. 1 (33)

197--208

EN

In a situation of increasing the supply of means of individual transport and not capable of following the development of infrastructure, an important issue is the issue of ensuring adequate levels of efficiency, safety and the competitiveness of the operation of the exploitation of public transport services. Factors affecting the safe operation pending exploitation systems of vehicles, in a differentiated way affect the level of safety provided services in smaller cities - up to 100 thousand inhabitants, with respect to the cities which are agglomerations of more complex structure, which are cities the number to 500 thousand inhabitants. This paper attempts to analyze and evaluate the safety of the operation of the public transport services exploitation, on the basis of the same assessment criteria, comparing two different sized urban areas.

PL

W sytuacji wzrastającej podaży środków transportu indywidualnego i nie nadążającym za nim rozwojem infrastruktury, istotnym zagadnieniem staje problematyka zapewnienia odpowiedniego poziomu efektywności, bezpieczeństwa oraz konkurencyjności działania systemów eksploatacji środków transportu miejskiego. Czynniki wpływające na bezpieczeństwo działania rozpatrywanych systemów eksploatacji środków transportowych, w zróżnicowany sposób wpływają na poziom bezpieczeństwa realizowanych usług w mniejszych miastach - do 100 tyś. mieszkańców, względem miast stanowiących aglomeracje, o bardziej skomplikowanej strukturze, jakimi są miasta o liczbie do 500 tyś. mieszkańców. W pracy podjęto próbę analizy i oceny bezpieczeństwa działania systemów eksploatacji środków transportu miejskiego, na podstawie tych samych kryteriów ocenowych, porównując dwa różnej wielkości obszary miejskie.

19

Efektywnościowa analiza jakości działania wybranego systemu transportowego z zastosowaniem modelu semi-Markowa

Muślewski Ł., Lewalski M., Migawa K.

Journal of KONBiN

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2015

|

No. 1 (33)

187--196

PL

Rozważania w niniejszym opracowaniu dotyczą problematyki oceny, analizy i zapewnienia odpowiedniej jakości działania systemów transportowych. Zidentyfikowano obiekt badań, którym jest rzeczywisty system transportowy, zaprezentowano schemat modelu ocenowego oraz opisano proces losowy, na podstawie którego dokonuje się jego oceny. W wyniku zrealizowanych badań eksploatacyjnych, wyróżniono stany jakościowe działania systemu, odwzorowujących przedziały wartości otrzymanych ocen w danych chwilach czasu. W dalszej części artykułu przedstawiono model oceny efektywności działania systemu eksploatacji rozpatrywanych obiektów technicznych, zbudowany z zastosowaniem teorii procesów semi-Markowa.

EN

This study deals with the problems connected with quality assurance for transport systems operation. The research was performed using data from a real transport system. The concept of a system operation quality was defined on the basis of which a schematic assessment model was developed and a random process was described to be used for its evaluation. Qualitative states of a system operation reflecting value ranges of the obtained evaluations in given times were identified in result of the experimental tests performed as part of the research. A model of a system operation efficiency evaluation was developed for the analyzed technical objects with the use of semi-Markov theory.

20

Wpływ wymuszeń zewnętrznych na cechy użytkowe warstwy wierzchniej w tocznym węźle tribologicznym

Musiał J., Muślewski Ł., Bojar P., Troszyński A.

Logistyka

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2014

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nr 6

7706--7712

PL

W pracy przedstawiono rozważania dotyczące oceny wpływu obciążenia i czasu pracy węzła tribologicznego oraz chropowatości współpracujących powierzchni (będącej wynikiem procesu technologicznego) na opory ruchu. Badania przeprowadzone na maszynie zużyciowej AMSLER wykazały, że zmiany oporów ruchu podczas eksploatacji pary kinematycznej z tarciem tocznym zachodzą w sposób ewolucyjny, ze zmienną intensywnością. Wyniki badań empirycznych pozwoliły na opisanie modelami matematycznymi zmian momentu tarcia, zachodzących w wyniku oddziaływania wymuszeń zewnętrznych.

EN

In the paper there were presented deliberations on dependance of loading and working time of a tribological pair as well as on cooperating surfaces' roughness (being a result of a technology process). Tests conducted with the usage of a AMSLER wear testing machine have demonstrated that movement resistance changes (during opertating of a kinematic pair with rolling friction) happen gradually with variable intensity. Empirical test results enabled to describe the changes of a frictional moment (undergoing as a result of external loads) with mathematical models.