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Runoff Estimation for the Central Region of the Lesser Zab River Watershed Using the SCS-Curve Number Method and GIS

Salman Qasim Mohammed Khudair, Hamdan Ahmed Naseh Ahmed

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 9

232--245

This study aimed to develop a hydrologic model for the central region (central catchments) located between Dokan and Al-Dibis dams in the Lesser Zab River (LZR) watershed, in Iraq. The hydrologic structure of the study area was prepared based on the DEM layer with 12.5 m spatial resolution by using the GIS environment, and then the HEC-HMS software was used for simulating the main hydrological processes like the infiltration losses, transformation, channel routing, and the baseflow contribution by using the SCS-CN, SCS-UH, Muskingum, and the Recession methods respectively. The corrections of the CN parameter due to the effects of the slope and initial abstraction were used and the resulting CN values for the entire LZR watershed were ranging from 56 to 100. This study concluded the effectivity of using the GIS environment and HEC-HMS software in the continuous rainfall-runoff modelling and achieved very good performance with R2 and NSE criteria of 0.9115 and 0.9 under the calibration phase, while 0.925 and 0.91 values were achieved for the same criteria under the validation phase respectively, also the CN was the most sensitive parameter in the proposed hydrologic model.

Fuzzy system modelling to assess water quality for irrigation purposes

Hamdan Ahmed Naseh Ahmed, Al Saad Zainb A. A., Abu-Alhail Saad

Journal of Water and Land Development

2021

no. 50

98--107

This study attempts to find a fuzzy logic system for assessing the quality of water in water treatment plants (WTPs) providing water for irrigation purposes in the Basrah Governorate (South of Iraq). Each month, samples are taken in each of six major WTPs to measure electrical conductivity (EC), and the content of sodium, magnesium and calcium. The calculated value which is the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) is plotted with EC on the Richard diagram. SAR and EC values are combined together in a fuzzy inference system (FIS) to find out a quality number called the fuzzy irrigation water quality index number (FIWQI) which ranges from zero to one. The higher the value of the index, the better water quality. The Richard diagram, which helps to classify irrigation water, is used to adjust FIS components. Results show that the FIWQI for all WTPs changes depending on location and season. It ranges between 0.114–0.170, 0.120–0.190, 0.114–0.170, 0.114–0.202, 0.118–0.500 and 0.46–0.500 for Al-Bradhaia 1, Al-Jubaila 1, Shatt Al-Arab, Garmmah 1, Al-Rebat, and Old Shauaibah WTPs, respectively. The results indicate that WTPs effluent drawn from the Shatt Al-Arab River has poor water quality for irrigation purposes, except for an Old Shauaibah which receives water from another source called a sweet water canal. FIS results are compared with values obtained from the Richard diagram and 96% degree of compatibility between the two methods is attained. This indicates that FIS is an acceptable method for water quality classification.