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Lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping using ASTER remote sensing data in the east-central Jebilet region, Morocco

El Khounaijri Hayat, Algouti Ahmed, Algouti Abdellah, Essemani Mohamed, Hadach Fatiha, Baid Soukaina, Ezzahzi Salma, Kabili Salma, Agli Saloua, Jdaba Naji

Geologos

2025

Vol. 31, No. 2

167--177

This study evaluates the effectiveness of ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) satellite data for lithological discrimination and mineralogical mapping in the east-central Jebilet region, Morocco. ASTER data offer considerable potential for detecting spectral signatures of mineral zones and determining their composition. The main objective is to apply image processing techniques, such as band ratios (BR), principal component analysis (PCA) and minimum noise fraction (MNF), in order to identify and map characteristic minerals in the region. The application of various band ratios effectively mapped the distribution of key minerals and alteration zones in the study area. The band ratio (band7/band5) was used to identify kaolinite, while the ratio (band4+band6)/band5 highlighted the presence of a mineral group constisting of alunite, kaolinite and pyrophyllite. The ratio (band7+band9)/ band8 revealed a set of a carbonate mineral, chlorite and epidote, whereas endoskarns composed of epidote, chlorite and amphibole were mapped using the ratio (band6+band9)/(band7+band8). The ratio (band5+band7)/band6 characterised phyllic alteration by detecting phyllosilicate minerals such as sericite, muscovite or illite. Phengite was mapped using the band5/band6 ratio. The distribution of these minerals was closely linked to the lithological variability of previously mapped geological units, highlighting the relevance and effectiveness of band ratios for geological mapping using remote sensing. The PCA and MNF components with the highest eigenvalues significantly improved lithological discrimination by reducing noise and refining the delineation of mineral zones. The results obtained have enabled the creation of a detailed map of mineral distribution, highlighting the alteration zones and lithological formations in the eastern Jebilet region of Morocco.time-consuming, yet inexpensive method that can be applied to other areas, especially those that are difficult to reach.

Study of the Impact of Drip Irrigation on Soil Salinization in the Al Haouz and Kelaa des Sraghna Region

El Kihal Imane, Algouti Ahmed, Algouti Abdellah, Tabit Abdelhalim, Jdaba Naji, Toudamrini Imane, Lamrani Khadija, Majdouli Kaouthar, Aadaj Jaouad, Es-Sadiq Rachid

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 9

1--12

The El Haouz and El Kelaa Des Sraghna region is renowned for its agriculture, but is facing problems of salinisation due to its arid climate and unfavourable weather conditions. To remedy this, localised irrigation systems have been introduced to provide water for crops and improve yields. This study examines the impact of these irrigation systems on soil salinity in the region by comparing upstream and downstream areas. Using remote sensing techniques, we identify areas at risk of high salinity and collect soil samples for physical and chemical analysis in the field. These analyses enable us to monitor changes in salinisation and assess the effectiveness of localised irrigation in the areas concerned. Our results reveal two distinct zones in the region: an upstream zone with low salinity, with electrical conductivity ranging from 66 µS/cm to 345 µS/cm, and a downstream zone with higher salinity, with electrical conductivity ranging from 228 µS/cm to 1.075 µS/cm, attributed to the use of localised irrigation for crops. The remote sensing maps anticipated this difference, which was confirmed by the field analyses.