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Awareness of local communities about the value of their city’s cultural heritage and the need to protect it on the example of selected historic towns in the Małopolska region (Poland)

Kuśnierz-Krupa Dominika, Sandu Ion, Tišliar Pavol, Bednarz Łukasz, Dmytrenko Andrii, Ivashko Oleksandr, Cechini Klaudia

Technical Transactions

2024

Vol. 121, iss. 1

art. no. e2024007

This article focuses on the problem of local communities’ awareness of heritagevalues in terms of urbanism, architecture, and construction and the traditionsof place within a historic town. To study this problem, the authors conductedqualitative and quantitative research using the questionnaire method. Theywere carried out in the area of two selected small historic towns located insouthern Poland in the Małopolska region: Muszyna and Piwniczna-Zdrój. Theiraim was to determine the level of awareness of the cultural heritage values ofboth towns among their inhabitants. The results of the research are expected toidentify areas of real educational needs in terms of the knowledge and a senseof value of local monuments. The authors believe that social participation andinvolvement of local communities is essential in the process of protectingand caring for monuments of indigenous cultural heritage.

Optimisation of the Use of Renewable Energy Sources in Near-zero Energy Building Standards in Poland and in the Czech Republic

Fedorczak-Cisak Małgorzata, Markiewicz-Zahorski Przemysław, Haupt Patrycja, Sadowska Beata, Cechini Klaudia

Inżynieria Mineralna

2024

Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 64

European Union member states have, since 2020, introduced a model for the design and construction of buildings to a new energy standard for buildings with near-zero energy demand (nZEB standard). Following European models, many other countries are introducing the nZEB standard as a mandatory standard for building design and construction. Directive 2010/31/EU has left European countries free to adopt the parametric levels of the nZEB standard. The minimum parametric levels characterising the nZEB standard are based on the availability of materials and technology and on the economic calculation that each EU country had to make before adopting the minimum requirements for the nZEB standard. Directive 2010/31/EU only imposed the deadline for the introduction of the nZEB standard as 1.01.2021. A second requirement of the Directive is that renewable energy sources must be used to supply heat, cooling and electricity to buildings as far as possible. However, the percentage of RES sources used in the overall energy balance is not specified. It is not always possible to cover the total energy demand of buildings with renewable energy sources. Often, RES cover only part of a building's energy needs. In this article, the authors analysed the regulations for the nZEB standard in selected countries. Two European countries were selected for further analysis: Poland and the Czech Republic. Using a single-family residential building as an example, an analysis was carried out to determine what percentage of energy should be used from renewable energy sources in addition to other energy sources such as gas, district heating or coal to achieve the near-zero energy building standard defined for the two countries analysed. The analysis carried out by the authors can provide guidelines for the design of buildings to the nZEB standard in both Poland and the Czech Republic.

Państwa członkowskie Unii Europejskiej, od 2020 roku, wprowadziły model projektowania i budowy budynków do nowego standardu energetycznego dla budynków o niemal zerowym zużyciu energii (standard nZEB). Idąc za europejskimi modelami, wiele innych krajów wprowadza standard nZEB jako standard obowiązkowy dla projektowania budynków i budownictwa. Dyrektywa 2010/31/EU pozwoliła krajom europejskim swobodnie przyjąć parametryczne poziomy standardu nZEB. Minimalne parametryczne poziomy charakteryzujące standard nZEB opierają się na dostępności materiałów i technologii, a także na kalkulacji ekonomicznej, którą każdy kraj UE musiał wykonać przed przyjęciem minimalnych wymagań dla standardu nZEB. Dyrektywa 2010/31/EU tylko nałożyła termin wprowadzenia standardu nZEB na 01.01.2021. Drugim wymogiem Dyrektywy jest to, że odnawialne źródła energii muszą być wykorzystywane do zasilania budynków w ciepło, chłodzenie i energię elektryczną w maksymalnym możliwym stopniu. Jednakże procent źródeł OZE wykorzystywanych w ogólnym bilansie energetycznym nie jest określony. Nie zawsze jest możliwe pokrycie całkowitego zapotrzebowania energetycznego budynków za pomocą odnawialnych źródeł energii. Często źródła OZE pokrywają jedynie część potrzeb energetycznych budynków. W artykule badano regulacje dotyczące standardu nZEB w wybranych krajach. Dwa europejskie kraje zostały wybrane do dalszej analizy: Polska i Czechy. Używając przykładu budynku jednorodzinnego, przeprowadzono analizę, aby określić, jaki procent energii powinien być pozyskiwany z odnawialnych źródeł energii w dodatku do innych źródeł energii, takich jak gaz, ciepłownictwo czy węgiel, aby osiągnąć standard budynku o niemal zerowym zużyciu energii, zdefiniowany dla dwóch analizowanych krajów. Analiza przeprowadzona przez autorów może dostarczyć wskazówek dotyczących projektowania budynków do standardu nZEB zarówno w Polsce, jak i w Czechach.

Influence of Construction Materials on the Energy Efficiency of the Building Stock in Temperate and Tropical Climate

Haupt Patrycja, Fedorczak-Cisak Małgorzata, Markiewicz-Zahorski Przemysław, Le Quan, Le Chien-Thang, Cechini Klaudia

Inżynieria Mineralna

2024

Vol. 2, no. 2

art. no. 79

Global policy identifies the need to achieve climate neutrality, especially in the most energy-intensive sectors of the economy, as a key focus. Climate neutrality is closely linked to the reduction of energy demand and the use of materials and technologies with a low embedded carbon footprint. The economic sector with some of the highest energy intensity and CO2 emissions is construction. In the case of newly designed buildings, most countries have already implemented measures to reduce energy demand by introducing a near-zero energy building standard (nZEB standard). The problem is not only the new built but mostly existing building stock, which requires deep thermo-modernisation measures. These measures will reduce energy consumption in the building sector and thus reduce emissions of harmful gases into the atmosphere. In the article, the authors, using the example of two countries with different climates: Poland and Vietnam, they analysed in terms of embedded carbon footprint the available technologies dedicated to thermal modernisation measures. The countries were chosen for the analysis because of the differences in climate that determine the scope of thermomodernisation measures taken. In the case of Poland, it is a temperate climate, where buildings should be designed to reduce heat loss in the winter season and ensure thermal comfort in the summer season. In the case of Vietnam, it is a humid subtropical climate, where the emphasis should be on protecting buildings from overheating. The analyses presented here show both traditional and modern innovative technologies used in the thermal modernisation of existing buildings. The analyses carried out by the authors show how modern technologies affect the thermal insulation of building partitions and thus reduce energy consumption. The article also presents analyses of the technologies in terms of the embedded carbon footprint, which characterises the phases of material manufacture. The conclusions presented by the authors allow informed choices to be made when deciding which materials and technologies to use for deep thermo-modernisation measures in existing buildings, so as to reduce energy demand and minimise the embedded carbon footprint.