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1 2025

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Nowe podejście w izolowaniu i identyfikacji związków psychoaktywnych (dopalaczy) w materiale biologicznym

Musiał Jadwiga, Czarny Jakub, Powierska-Czarny Jolanta, Raczkowski Michał, Galant Natalia, Buszewski Bogusław, Gadzała-Kopciuch Renata

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2025

[Z] 79, 11-12

1221--1237

To address the challenges facing toxicology laboratories and law enforcement agencies related to the need to rapidly identify psychoactive substances, particularly new psychoactive substances (NPS), commonly known as legal highs, in biological materials (blood, urine, and hair) to enable appropriate treatment to save the patient's health or life. To support timely medical intervention and facilitate the inclusion of emerging NPS on prohibited-substance lists, we developed and validated highthroughput analytical methods using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These methods enable the simultaneous detection of more than 500 psychoactive compounds, drugs, and metabolites in blood, urine, and hair within 30 minutes. Because NPS often include numerous isomers and structurally similar compounds, chromatographic separation was optimized by monitoring selected pairs of multiple-reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions for each analyte. Careful optimization of mass-spectrometer parameters and MRM selection ensured unambiguous identification. Sample preparation employed both liquid-liquid and solid-liquid extraction, and calibration curves were prepared in matrix with finalstage dilution to minimize matrix effects and enhance analyte recovery. The validated methods allow parallel analysis of multiple biological matrices from a single patient, supporting studies of NPS metabolism and retrospective ingestion assessment. They have successfully passed proficiency testing, are implemented for routine casework at the Institute of Forensic Genetics in Bydgoszcz, accredited by the Polish Center for Accreditation, and are the subject of a pending patent application.