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Eocene sedimentary facies in volcanogenic succession on King George Island, South Shetland Islands : a record of pre-ice sheet terrestrial environments in West Antarctica

Mozer A.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 3

385--394

EN

About 34 Ma ago there was a radical change of climate that led to the formation of Antarctic ice sheet. King George Island, located in the South Shetland Islands volcanic arc (northern Antarctic Peninsula region), is one of a few places in West Antarctica which shows a geological record of sedimentary environments preceding development of the ice sheet. The Eocene sedimentary facies occur in the dominantly volcanogenic succession of King George Island. They have been recognized in the Arctowski Cove and Point Thomas formations (Ezcurra Inlet Group) and in the Mount Wawel Formation (Point Hennequin Group) in Admiralty Bay, and in the Mazurek Point Formation (Chopin Ridge Group) and Lions Cove Formation (Polonia Glacier group) in King George Bay. They record a cooling trend in terrestrial environments that began at termination of the Early/Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum, and was followed by a significant deterioration of climate during Late Eocene and earliest Oligocene, directly preceding glacial conditions in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region. The ongoing research confirms the existence of three preglacial climatic stages (PGS-1 – PGS-3) during Eocene – earliest Oligocene, from humid, warm to moderate climate (PGS-1), through cool and dry climate (PGS-2), up to cold and humid conditions (PGS-3). Studies were carried out on usually fine-grained volcanoclastic sediments, containing Podocarpaceae–Araucaria–Nothofagus plant fossils assembly. Beds of reworked pyroclastic material alternate with lava flows or volcanic agglomerates, as well as ex situ blocks of Eocene volcanogenic sediments on a moraine. Calculated geochemical indices of weathering (CIA, PIA and CIW) confirm moderate to high chemical weathering under warm and humid climate conditions at the beginning and deterioration of conditions in the end of Eocene.

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Comparison of bottle wall thickness distribution obtain in real manufacturing conditions and in ansys polyflow simulation environment

Pepliński K., Mozer A.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2012

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Vol. 7, no 3

231-235

EN

Extrusion blow molding (EBM) is a widely used and known manufacturing process to produce thin or thick thermoplastic hollow object like cosmetics container or big drums. This process can be realized on extrusion blow molding machine and tooling. Each extrusion blow molding machine has a programming die head. The initial parison thickness distribution should be depended on final bottle geometry. However, to determine the proper distribution of parison thickness to get the most uniform thickness of the container wall, it is not an easy task. In order to precisely define this distribution is simple using Ansys Polyflow. The article includes a comparison of bottle wall thickness distribution obtain in real manufacturing conditions and in realizing Polyflow simulation. Also it will be propose an initial parison thickness distribution (programming) for the bottle design, which is manufacturing in the industry to pack nail polish remover. This will allow the packaging manufacturer to produce a bottle of a higher quality in terms of distribution of wall thickness.

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Design of extrusion die for plastic profile using ansys polyflow software

Pepliński K., Mozer A.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2011

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Vol. 6, no 3

221-226

EN

Extrusion is one of the most widely used processes for polymer processing. Example: extrusion is a technique for producing film, pipe, sheet, profiles, cable and coatings in coextrusion process. The main tool used in this process for the manufacturing final shape product is die. The task of this article is to design the last part of extrusion die (die land) for plastic profile, using numerical simulation. In this paper was presented methodology of numerical simulation for the die design. A commercial computer fluid dynamics program Ansys Polyflow was used to design the die passage. The objective of the simulation is to determine the die passage that results in a balanced mass flow exiting the die that closely matches the target profile. The die land shape modification with using optimization algorithm is very helpful to obtain geometry and dimension of extrudate desired profile.

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Ansys polyflow software use to optimize the sheet thickness distribution in thermoforming process

Pepliński K., Mozer A.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2011

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Vol. 6, no 3

215-220

EN

Thermoforming is a manufacturing process widely used to produce thin thermoplastic parts from small blister packs to display AAA size batteries to large skylights and aircraft interior panels. In this paper was presented numerical simulation of the inflation phase of a thermoforming process under which a thin polymer sheet is deformed into a mould under the action of applied pressure. Two cases of blowing sheet were considered. In the first, preapproved on the basis of a constant sheet temperature (T = 150°C) examined the distribution of the container wall thickness. There has been excessive thinning (about 0,2mm) in the cup corners after forming. Also simulation it was made for other constant temperature (160, 170, 180, 190 and 200°C). On this basis, was made optimization of the sheet profile temperature (in range 150÷200°C) to remove excessive thinning. Noted was a significant effect of the initial sheet temperature distribution on the final wall thickness distribution in the considered container. The Ansys Polyflow procedure of optimizing the sheet temperature distribution allowed eliminating excessive thinning in the considered cup walls corners.

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Ansys-poluflow software use to select the parison diameter and its thicknes distribution in blowing extrusion

Pepliński K., Mozer A.

Journal of Polish CIMAC

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2010

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Vol. 5, no 3

133-142

EN

The blowing extrusion in mould is one of the most widely used techniques for the production hollow plastic product example: bottle, cosmetics container, fuel tanks etc. A significant factor in the design stage of new blowing product is the selection initial parison shape in order to obtain the best distribution of final wall thickness in bottle. In this case using Ansys-Polyflow software is very helpful. This paper presents the blowing container Polyflow simulation with high-density polyethylene (Borealis, BS 2541) under isothermal and non-isothermal conditions. In the present work was showed the impact of the initial parison diameter and their geometry distribution onto final wall thickness in the sample container. This series of numerical simulation with parison optimization was showed that initial parison diameter and geometry have crucial importance for uniform final wall thickness distribution and minimal bottle mass. Eleventh cases of blowing parison were considered. Initial parison diameter was 14 mm and final 34 mm (step 2 mm). Optimizing the thirty milimeters diameter parison profile thickness for allowed to eliminate excessive thinning in the corners of container wall and get minimal container weight. An established criterion for a minimum wall thickness (1 mm) in the final product was achieved.