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1
Content available Understanding fuel saving and clean fuel strategies towards green maritime
Van Nhanh Nguyen, Rudzki Krzysztof, Dzida Marek, Pham Nguyen Dang Khoa, Pham Minh Tuan, Nguyen Phuoc Quy Phong, Nguyen Xuan Phuong
Polish Maritime Research
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2023
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nr 2
146--164
EN
Due to recent emission-associated regulations imposed on marine fuel, ship owners have been forced to seek alternate fuels, in order to meet the new limits. The aim of achieving low-carbon shipping by the year 2050, has meant that alternative marine fuels, as well as various technological and operational initiatives, need to be taken into account. This article evaluates and examines recent clean fuels and novel clean technologies for vessels. The alternative fuels are classified as low-carbon fuels, carbon-free fuels, and carbon neutral fuels, based on their properties. Fuel properties, the status of technological development, and existing challenges are also summarised in this paper. Furthermore, researchers have also investigated energy-saving devices and discovered that zero-carbon and virtually zero-carbon clean fuels, together with clean production, might play an important part in shipping, despite the commercial impracticability of existing costs and infrastructure. More interestingly, the transition to marine fuel is known to be a lengthy process; thus, early consensus-building, as well as action-adoption, in the maritime community is critical for meeting the expectations and aims of sustainable marine transportation.
2
Content available Reduction of CO2 emissions from offshore combined cycle diesel engine-steam turbine power plant powered by alternative fuels
Olszewski Wojciech, Dzida Marek, Nguyen Van Giao, Cao Dao Nam
Polish Maritime Research
|
2023
|
nr 3
71--80
EN
Diverse forms of environmental pollution arise with the introduction of materials or energy that exert adverse effects on human health, climate patterns, ecosystems, and beyond. Rigorous emission regulations for gases resulting from fuel combustion are being enforced by the European Union and the International Maritime Organization (IMO), directed at maritime sectors to mitigate emissions of SOx, NOx, and CO2. The IMO envisions the realisation of its 2050 targets through a suite of strategies encompassing deliberate reductions in vessel speed, enhanced ship operations, improved propulsion systems, and a transition towards low and zero-emission fuels such as LNG, methanol, hydrogen, and ammonia. While the majority of vessels currently depend on heavy fuel or low-sulphur fuel oil, novel designs integrating alternative fuels are gaining prominence. Technologies like exhaust gas purification systems, LNG, and methanol are being embraced to achieve minimised emissions. This study introduces the concept of a high-power combined ship system, composed of a primary main engine, a diesel engine, and a steam turbine system, harnessing the energy contained within the flue gases of the main combustion engine. Assumptions, constraints for calculations, and a thermodynamic evaluation of the combined cycle are outlined. Additionally, the study scrutinises the utilisation of alternative fuels for ship propulsion and their potential to curtail exhaust emissions, with a specific focus on reducing CO2 output.
3
Content available Investigation of the efficiency of a dual-fuel gas turbine combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element
Serbin Serhiy, Diasamidze Badri, Dzida Marek, Chen Daifen
Polish Maritime Research
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2023
|
nr 2
68--75
EN
The study is devoted to the possibility of increasing the efficiency of the working process in dual-fuel combustion chambers of gas turbine engines for FPSO vessels. For the first time, it is proposed to use the advantages of plasma‒chemical intensification of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in the dual-fuel combustion chambers, which can simultaneously operate on gaseous and liquid fuels. A design scheme of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element is proposed. A continuous type mathematical model of a combustion chamber with a plasma‒chemical element has been developed, which is based on the solution of a system of differential equations describing the processes of chemical reactions in a turbulent system, taking into consideration the initiating effect of the products of plasma‒chemical reactions on the processes of flame propagation. A modified six-stage kinetic scheme of hydrocarbon oxidation was used to simultaneously predict the combustion characteristics of the gaseous and liquid fuels, taking into account the decrease in the activation energy of carbon monoxide oxidation reactions when the products of the plasma‒chemical element are added. The results reveal that the addition of plasma‒chemical products significantly reduces CO emissions in the outlet section of the flame tube (from 25‒28 ppm to 3.9‒4.6 ppm), while the emission of nitrogen oxides remains practically unchanged for the studied combustion chamber. Further research directions are proposed to enhance the working process efficiency of a dual-fuel combustion chamber for gas turbine engines as part of the power plant of FSPO vessels.
4
Content available Parametric analysis of the efficiency of the combined gas-steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle for the FPSO vessel
Serbin Serhiy, Washchilenko Nikolay, Dzida Marek, Kowalski Jerzy
Polish Maritime Research
|
2021
|
nr 4
122--132
EN
A thermal diagram of the combined gas‒steam turbine unit of a hybrid cycle, which is an energy complex consisting of a base gas turbine engine with a steam turbine heat recovery circuit and a steam-injected gas turbine operating with overexpansion, is proposed. A mathematical model of a power plant has been developed, taking into consideration the features of thermodynamic processes of simple, binary, and steam-injected gas‒steam cycles. Thermodynamic investigations and optimization of the parameters of a combined installation of a hybrid cycle for the generation of electrical energy have been carried out. Three-dimensional calculations of the combustion chamber of a steam-injected gas turbine were carried out, which confirmed the low emissions of the main toxic components.
5
Content available Investigations of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for an FPSO gas turbine engine
Serbin Serhiy, Diasamidze Badri, Dzida Marek
Polish Maritime Research
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2020
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nr 3
89--99
EN
This investigation is devoted to an analysis of the working process in a dual-fuel low-emission combustion chamber for a floating vessel’s gas turbine. The low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber with partial pre-mixing of fuel and air inside the outer and inner radial-axial swirlers was chosen as the object of research. When modelling processes in a dualflow low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber, a generalized method is used, based on the numerical solution of the system of conservation and transport equations for a multi-component chemically reactive turbulent system, taking into consideration nitrogen oxides formation. The Eddy-Dissipation-Concept model, which incorporates Arrhenius chemical kinetics in a turbulent flame, and the Discrete Phase Model describing the interfacial interaction are used in the investigation. The obtained results confirmed the possibility of organizing efficient combustion of distillate liquid fuel in a low-emission gas turbine combustion chamber operating on the principle of partial preliminary formation of a fuel-air mixture. Comparison of four methods of liquid fuel supply to the channels of radial-axial swirlers (centrifugal, axial, combined, and radial) revealed the advantages of the radial supply method, which are manifested in a decrease in the overall temperature field non-uniformity at the outlet and a decrease in nitrogen oxides emissions. The calculated concentrations of nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide at the flame tube outlet for the radial method of fuel supply are 32 and 9.1 ppm, respectively. The results can be useful for further modification and improvement of the characteristics of dual-fuel gas turbine combustion chambers operating with both gaseous and liquid fuels.
6
Content available Investigation of the combustion processes in the gas turbine module of an fpso operating on associated gas conversion products
Cherednichenko Oleksandr, Serbin Serhiy, Dzida Marek
Polish Maritime Research
|
2019
|
nr 4
149--156
EN
In this paper, we consider the issue of thermo-chemical heat recovery of waste heat from gas turbine engines for the steam conversion of associated gas for offshore vessels. Current trends in the development of offshore infrastructure are identified, and the composition of power plants for mobile offshore drilling units and FPSO vessels is analyzed. We present the results of a comparison of power-to-volume ratio, power-to-weight ratio and efficiency for diesel and gas turbine power modules of various capacities. Mathematical modeling methods are used to analyze the parameters of an alternative gas turbine unit based on steam conversion of the associated gas, and the estimated efficiency of the energy module is shown to be 50%. In the modeling of the burning processes, the UGT 25000 serial low emission combustor is considered, and a detailed analysis of the processes in the combustor is presented, based on the application of a 35-reaction chemical mechanism. We confirm the possibility of efficient combustion of associated gas steam conversion products with different compositions, and establish that stable operation of the gas turbine combustor is possible when using fuels with low calorific values in the range 7–8 MJ/kg. It is found that the emissions of NOx and CO during operation of a gas turbine engine on the associated gas conversion products are within acceptable limits.
7
Content available Application of thermo-chemical technologies for conversion of associated gas in diesel-gas turbine installations for oil and gas floating units
Cherednichenko Oleksandr, Serbin Serhiy, Dzida Marek
Polish Maritime Research
|
2019
|
nr 3
181--187
EN
The paper considers the issue of thermo-chemical recovery of engine’s waste heat and its further use for steam conversion of the associated gas for oil and gas floating units. The characteristics of the associated gas are presented, and problems of its application in dual-fuel medium-speed internal combustion engines are discussed. Various variants of combined diesel-gas turbine power plant with thermo-chemical heat recovery are analyzed. The heat of the gas turbine engine exhaust gas is utilized in a thermo-chemical reactor and a steam generator. The engines operate on synthesis gas, which is obtained as a result of steam conversion of the associated gas. Criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the developed schemes are proposed. The results of mathematical modeling of processes in a 14.1 MW diesel-gas turbine power plant with waste heat recovery are presented. The effect of the steam/associated gas ratio on the efficiency criteria is analyzed. The obtained results indicate relatively high effectiveness of the scheme with separate high and low pressure thermo-chemical reactors for producing fuel gas for both gas turbine and internal combustion engines. The calculated efficiency of such a power plant for considered input parameters is 45.6%.
8
Content available Applicability of inlet air fogging to marine gas turbine
Domachowski Zygfryd, Dzida Marek
Polish Maritime Research
|
2019
|
nr 1
15--19
EN
The dependency of marine gas turbine on the ambient temperature leads to a decrease of the gas turbine power output in arid areas. Very often gas turbine power output demand is high and the power margins originally designed into the driver , has been exhausted. In such circumstances the inlet air fogging is an effective compensation of gas turbine power. In this paper an analysis of inlet air fogging applicability to marine gas turbine has been conducted. Different areas of ship’s voyage have been taken into account. The use of inlet air fogging in marine gas turbine must be evaluated on the basis of turbine characteristics, climate profile of ship’s voyage, and expectations of gas turbine power augmentation. The authors expect that the considerations provide useful guidance for users of marine gas turbines to decide the feasibility of installing an inlet air fogging system.
9
Content available Badania pilotażowe drgań na wlocie do sprężarki turbiny gazowej GTD 350
Frost Jacek, Ochał Norbert, Rudnicki Jacek, Dzida Marek
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2019
|
Vol. 14, no 1
57--65
PL
Podstawą diagnostyki maszyn wirnikowych są pomiary drgań ze względu na to że prawie wszystkie uszkodzenia maszyn powodują istotne zmiany wielkości je opisujących np. prędkości drgań. W eksploatacji maszyn wirnikowych najważniejsza jest ocena drgań obiektu na podstawie pomiarów wykonywanych na częściach niewirujących. Badania, których wyniki przedstawiono w referacie zostały przeprowadzone na stanowisku turbinowego silnika spalinowego katedry Automatyki i Energetyki Wydziału Oceanotechniki i Okrętownictwa Politechniki Gdańskiej. Stanowisko dydaktyczno-badawcze zostało zbudowane w ramach projektu "Stworzenie nowoczesnej infrastruktury technicznej dla realizacji programu kształcenia Inżynierów Przyszłości w Politechnice Gdańskiej" współfinansowanego przez Unię Europejską ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Regionalnego w ramach Programu Infrastruktura i Środowisko (Priorytet XIII Infrastruktura Szkolnictwa Wyższego). Badania miały na celu określenie referencyjnego poziomu przyspieszeń drgań na wlocie do sprężarki wirnikowej. Analiza zmian ich wartości prowadzona w dłuższym okresie będzie mogła być podstawą wnioskowania diagnostycznego w odniesieniu do obiektu badań. Podczas badań wykorzystano akcelerometr trójosiowy model 356B firmy PCB Piezotronics, przymocowany do obudowy sprężarki oraz kartę pomiarową DT9837 firmy DataTranslation wraz z dedykowanym oprogramowaniem. Badania drgań będą wykonywane cyklicznie w celu określenia stanu technicznego silnika.
10
Content available Analiza krytyczna metod obliczania uszczelnień labiryntowych w maszynach cieplnych wirnikowych
Kaszowski Paweł, Dzida Marek
Journal of Polish CIMEEAC
|
2019
|
Vol. 14, no 1
97--110
PL
Uszczelnienia labiryntowe są ważnym elementem budowy maszyn cieplnych wirnikowych. Istnieje wiele metod obliczeniowych, pozwalających określić parametry termodynamicznych gazu na długości dławnicy labiryntowej. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiona zostanie krytyczna analiza metod obliczania uszczelnień labiryntowych dostępnych w literaturze oraz przykładowe wyniki obliczeń wykonanych metodą wyznaczania linii Fanno i zasady De Saint–Venanta.
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