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Transformative Advances in PET Imaging: From FDG to Total Body Scanners, Novel Tracers and AI-Driven Precision Medicine

Bharathi Praveen Gurunath, Abbaszadeh Shiva, Moskal Paweł, Alavi Abass

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2025

Vol. 21, no 1

40--57

Introduction: Positron emission tomography (PET) has undergone transformative advancements, evolving from a research tool into a cornerstone of precision medicine. Objective: This review highlights key developments in PET imaging, including the introduction of specialized systems such as brain and breast-dedicated scanners, total-body PET, and hybrid PET/CT and PET/MRI technologies. Methods: These innovations have significantly enhanced diagnostic accuracy and patient management across oncology, neurology and cardiology. The emergence of novel radiotracers beyond fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) has expanded PET's clinical applications by targeting specific molecular pathways, improving sensitivity and specificity in disease characterization. Notable tracers include those for tumor proliferation, hypoxia and receptor-specific imaging, which facilitate personalized treatment strategies. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) has revolutionized PET imaging by improving image reconstruction, noise reduction, motion correction and lesion segmentation. AI-driven tools enhance diagnostic precision while reducing scan times and radiation exposure, making PET safer and more efficient. Furthermore, AI accelerates radiotracer development by optimizing molecular design and enabling personalized dosimetry planning for theranostic applications. Total-body PET scanners represent a technological milestone, offering unparalleled sensitivity, reduced radiation doses, faster scans, the ability to track systemic diseases comprehensively and to enhance diagnosis by novel imaging biomarkers. These advancements enable earlier disease detection, precise monitoring of treatment efficacy and deeper insights into disease mechanisms. Results: Collectively, these innovations underscore PET's transformative role in advancing precision medicine through early diagnosis, disease monitoring and tailored therapeutic interventions. Conclusions: This review concludes that ongoing technological progress will continue to redefine the capabilities of PET imaging in clinical practice and research.

Unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine

Alavi Abass, Werner Thomas J., Stępień Ewa Ł., Moskal Paweł

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

2021

Vol. 17, no. 4

203--212

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is the most quantitative modality for assessing disease activity at the molecular and cellular levels, and therefore, it allows monitoring its course and determining the efficacy of various therapeutic interventions. In this scientific communication, we describe the unparalleled and revolutionary impact of PET imaging on research and day to day practice of medicine. We emphasize the critical importance of the development and synthesis of novel radiotracers (starting from the enormous impact of F-Fluorodeouxyglucose (FDG) introduced by investigators at the University of Pennsylvania (PENN)) and PET instrumentation. These innovations have led to the total-body PET systems enabling dynamic and parametric molecular imaging of all organs in the body simultaneously. We also present our perspectives for future development of molecular imaging by multiphoton PET systems that will enable users to extract substantial information (owing to the evolving role of positronium imaging) about the related molecular and biological bases of various disorders, which are unachievable by the current PET imaging techniques.