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2 Nyka Maciej

2 2019

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Ship scrapping – the challenges for international environmental regulation

Nyka Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2019

nr 59 (131)

16--21

Ships are valuable sources of steel and other natural resources which can potentially be recycled and reused for economic and environmental benefits, and between 700 and 1000 ships are scrapped annually. On the other hand, up to 5% of the mass of a ship is dangerous wastes. Developed states and the European Union have introduced restrictive regulatory measures to regulate the conditions and locations of ship scrapping facilities. Despite the environmental benefits, these regulations may lose their battle for efficiency due to Asian countries which are engaged in a regulatory race to the bottom to attract ship owners to scrap their ships in their territories. The findings of this research indicate that despite being included in international and EU laws on ship scrapping, the specific instruments to prevent the movement of ship scrapping into the jurisdictions with low environmental standards are ineffective. A new global regulatory instrument is required which can find a balance between strict environmental protections and the economic interests of both the ship owner, companies engaged in ship scrapping, and countries which take economic advantage of those processes.

Legal approaches to the problem of pollution of marine environment with plastic

Nyka Maciej

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2019

nr 59 (131)

162--167

Plastic littering has recently become one of the most highly recognized dangers to the marine environment. The problem of marine plastic pollution is not new and was identified more than half a century ago. Recently, however, with increased media coverage and focusing events such as the discovery of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, the problem can no longer be ignored. Several legal instruments address this problem. IMO norms aiming to reduce plastic debris were adopted 30 years ago. The MARPOL Convention includes annexes designed to help fight plastic debris. Other maritime legal instruments can also be leveraged to challenge this problem. As with other marine environment problems, the primary source of the problem, and thus the key to addressing it, is located on land. EU directives can serve as an interesting model for reducing marine pollution. The European Commission proposed new EU-wide rules in May, 2018 to target the 10 single-use plastic products most often found in Europe’s coastal habitats, as well as lost and abandoned fishing gear. Together these constitute 70% of all marine litter items. The adoption and implementation of this instrument may represent a game changing approach in the battle against marine pollution.