The validation of an electric traction network simulator is addressed by selecting testing conditions and considering three performance indexes that evaluate amplitude, slope and other curve features. A common interpretation scale is proposed to verify their agreement. Moreover, since the most complex cannot be fully used without a graphical representation of its output, this is simplified, in order to conclude the validation with an estimate of accuracy that is as close as possible to the classical declaration that accompanies instrumentation.
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The problem of the influence of the infrastructure on the rolling stock conducted emissions is considered, to define criteria for the quantification of the observed variability. Extensive analysis is done by means of simulation models, validated by experimental results during test campaigns in Belgium, France and Italy. The peculiarity of DC systems consists of the quite low substation impedance and the resulting low voltage distortion.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie oddziaływania emisji przewodzonych zaburzeń pochodzących od pojazdów trakcyjnych na infrastrukturę trakcyjną w celu zdefiniowania kryteriów i oceny zmienności tych oddziaływań. Przedstawiono wyniki wielokrotnych analiz przeprowadzonych z wykorzystaniem modeli symulacyjnych zweryfikowanych pomiarowo w trakcie testów we Francji, Belgii, i Włoszech. Przedstawiono specyfikę systemów zasilania trakcji elektrycznej prądu stałego wynikającą z niskiej impedancji podstacji trakcyjnych i stąd niskich odkształceń napięcia.
Air core solenoids, possibly single layer and with significant spacing between turns, are often used to ensure low stray capacitance, as they are used as part of many sensors and instruments. The problem of the correct estimation of the stray capacitance is relevant both during design and to validate measurement results; the expected value is so low to be influenced by any stray capacitance of the external measurement instrument. A simplified method is proposed that does not perturb the stray capacitance of the solenoid under test; the method is based on resonance with an external capacitor and on the use of a linear regression technique.
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In this work a general introduction to Helmholtz coil is presented and then attention is drawn to the implementation of a wideband (50 kHz) coil for applications requiring high magnetic flux density (up to a few mT) for sensor calibration, immunity tests and exposure of biological specimens. Experimental characterization confirms that field uniformity is quite good: dispersion is within 1.5% and 0.35% inside cubic volumes of 25% and 10% of the coil side respectively for the larger spacing; the measured impedance and the self resonance frequency are in accordance with the proposed simplified model; the magnetic field expanded uncertainty with k=2 is less than 0.5%.
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