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EN
RTCP-nets are high level Petri nets similar to timed colored Petri nets, but with different time model and some structural restrictions. The paper deals with practical aspects of using RTCP-nets for modeling and verification of real-time systems. It contains a survey of software tools developed to support RTCP-nets. Verification of RTCP-nets is based on coverability graphs which represent the set of reachable states in the form of directed graph. Two approaches to verification of RTCP-nets are considered in the paper. The former one is oriented towards states and is based on translation of a coverability graph into nuXmv (NuSMV) finite state model. The later approach is oriented towards transitions and uses the CADP toolkit to check whether requirements given as μ-calculus formulae hold for a given coverability graph. All presented concepts are discussed using illustrative examples.
PL
W 2014 roku zrealizowano kolejną sesję badań terenowych we wsiach Białostocczyzny. W pracy zaprezentowano wyniki pomiarów i rysunków inwentaryzacyjnych pięciu domów we wsi Olendy w gminie Rudka, z próbą ich oceny i interpretacji. Celem tak przedsięwziętych i zaprezentowanych tu badań jest także ocena specyfiki przestrzeni architektonicznej badanej wsi Olendy – w tym ocena wartości architektury rodzimej, wernakularnej, wyrosłej z tradycji i zakorzenionej w miejscu i czasie, a także ocena specyfiki wnętrza domu. Okazuje się bowiem, że olendzkie domy akumulują od ponad półwiecza rozmaite estetyki i wzorce komponowania wnętrz, co owocuje niezwykłym konglomeratem architektonicznym, jakim jest współczesne wnętrze tradycyjnego olendzkiego domu; także strychulcowa konstrukcja i rozbudowane systemy piecowo- -kominowe dopełniają wrażenia ich swoistej „egzotyki”.
EN
Field surveys were performed in a number of villages in the region of Bialystok, N-E Poland in 2014. The results are presented and analyzed, with the research focus on five houses in Olendy village, Rudka commune. Their drawings and selected photographs are included, as well. The objective is to assess the uniqueness of their architecture and interiors in terms of vernacular architectural heritage and traditions. The houses in Olendy have been accumulating various aesthetic patterns since the last 50 to 70 years, resulting with an unusual and curious medley of architectural aesthetics of their interiors. Moreover, their obsolete wattle-and-daub construction of walls, as well as their huge stoves, supplement that medley, resulting with a feeling of an „exotics” of these specific vernacular houses.
EN
The aim of this paper was to characterize the structure of fragments of ceramic vessels found in the Early Iron Age strongholds from 7th and 5th century B.C. at Starosiedle in Poland and at Biehla in Germany. This research was done in collaboration between material scientists from the Technical University of Warsaw and archaeologists from the Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology of the Polish Academy of Science (PAN). The main idea of our work is to adapt the methodology employed to characterize structure and properties commonly used in materials science and engineering to ancient pottery. In this paper preliminary results and examples of the application of fractography to the study of ancient pottery are presented. Selected ceramic fragments were examined by light and scanning electron microscopy. The fractographic examinations of vessel fractures permitted the identification of the shape, color, and admixture distribution in the sam- ples. It also enabled us to observe the structure of the ceramic matrix and in particular cracks and delaminations (Fig. 1÷3). Observations combined with the point analysis of the chemical composition performed with the help of a scanning electron microscope supplemented the examinations of the kind and structure of the admixtures (Fig. 4÷6). In conclusion, our investigations have demonstrated that the application of materials engineering techniques to the study of prehistoric pottery is beneficial for both archaeology and materials and engineering science as both sides can profit from the different point of view offered by the other. For the archaeologists, the results of materials science techniques for the examination of ancient pottery will permit establishing the relations between ceramic structure and the manufacturing techniques. On this basis, conclusions can be reached about the development of pottery technology in the context of the contemporary social and cultural background. For the materials and engineering scientists this collaboration allows them to study materials which have been affected by their deposition context for thousands of years, and thus offers them the chance to predict the effects of long-term storage in particular context for modern materials.
7
Content available remote Wybrane nowe polskie normy związane z poborem i badaniem wód i ścieków
PL
W niniejszym artykule omówiono podstawowe zmiany w metodyce pobierania i oznaczania wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń wód, ścieków i osadów, spowodowane wprowadzeniem w Polsce nowych norm PN-ISO, PN-EN oraz PN-EN ISO.
EN
The paper discusses the substantial changes in the selected methods of water, wastewater and sediments sampling and determination, caused by introduction of new Polish standards PN-ISO, PN-EN and PN-EN ISO.
PL
W pracy omówiono podstawowe zmiany w metodyce oznaczania wybranych wskaźników zanieczyszczeń wód i ścieków spowodowane wprowadzeniem w Polsce nowych norm PN, PN-ISO, PN-EN oraz PN-EN ISO.
EN
The paper discusses the substantial changes in the selected methods of water and wastewater determination, caused by the introduction new Polish standards PN, PN-ISO, PN-EN and PN-EN ISO.
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