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1 Polish Journal of Ecology

1 2006

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Chemical properties of litter of forest and grassland ecosystems: transect studies in Siberia (Russia)

Bieńkowski Piotr, Titlyanova Argenta A., Shibareva Svetlana

Polish Journal of Ecology

2006

Vol. 54, nr 1

91-104

The aim of this paper was to study comparatively the amount, chemical composition and energy content of litter from forest and grassland ecosystems along a transect in Central Siberia, running from the north (68[degrees] N, Forest tundra) to the south (50[degrees] N, Dry steppes); it is about 2 000 km. In the boreal forests litter standing crop ranges from 15 to 78 t[x]ha^-1 d.w., in subboreal birch stands - it is about 17 t[x]ha^-1 d.w. and in grasslands - the litter standing crop decreases southward along the transect from 6 to 1.5 t[x].ha^-1 d.w. All kinds of litter are rich in reduced compounds and have negative oxidation degree. Nevertheless oxidation degree increased from North to South in both ecosystem groups: from -0.6 to -0.3 in the boreal forests and from -0.5 to -0.2 in the subboreal ecosystems. The chemical composition of litter is specific and differs from both initial substrates, i.e. phytomass and products of humification. The litter contains as many carbon as many as fulvic acids, as many oxygen as humic acids and much more hydrogen than both acids together. Energy content values of litter were estimated to be lower than that of humic acids and higher than energy contents of fulvic acids. The transformation of litter organic substances seems to be shifted to the formation of fulvic acids.The content of minerals in litter changed in both series (forest and grassland) in the following order Si> Ca> F> Al> S> Mg> K> P> Na.