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Habitat Use of Hipparchia semele (Lepidoptera) in Its Artificial Stronghold : Necessity of the Resource-Based Habitat View in Restoration of Disturbed Sites

Tropek R., Cizek O., Kadlec T., Klecka J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

Vol. 65, nr 3

385--399

Post-industrial sites, including fly ash deposits, are common landscape components in many Central European regions. Their effective restoration is thus crucial because such habitats have been recognised as critical secondary refuges for many endangered and declining species. Controversially, the overwhelming majority of restoration projects consider vegetation units as the restoration target and thus ignore various habitat resources of many endangered species. Our study details habitat-use of the grayling Hipparchia semele, a European endemic xerothermophilous specialist and one of the most rapidly declining butterflies in Central Europe, inhabiting a fly ash deposit in the Kadaň region, western Czech Republic. We estimated its population to 510 males and 346 females by the capture-mark-recapture method during its whole flight period. By detailed recording of all observed specimens' behaviour, we show that this species uses resources from distinct vegetation units, such as exposed and disturbed spots, ruderal regrowths, solitary trees and shrubs, rocks and artificial concrete structures. Because the studied population can act as a source for the whole region, the grayling's ecological needs should be considered in any restoration project. Oppositely, the originally planned restoration of dry grasslands based on plant species composition of vegetation would very probably threaten one of the last two metapopulations in the whole country. Using the grayling's case, we thus warn against the vegetation-based habitat approach in restoration ecology; the resource-based habitat approach should be prioritised, especially when considering needs of the most threatened and/or umbrella species.

Can periodically drained ponds have any potential for terrestrial arthropods conservation? - a pilot survey of spiders

Tropek R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2012

Vol. 60, nr 3

635-639

Periodical summer drying has been a common practice in fishponds management in many intensively used European landscapes. It was shown that these ephemeral biotopes are often colonised by endangered plant communities typical for riverine gravel beds. However, almost nothing is known about their conservation potential for terrestrial arthropods. Spiders at a periodically drained bottom of the Manovicky rybnik pond, western Czech Republic, were surveyed from May to September 2007 by pitfall-trapping, vegetation sweeping and individual collecting. Although just 25 spider species were found, several of them are considered as regionally important. Psammophilous Steatoda albomaculata (nationally nearly threatened) and xerothermophilous Tricca lutetiana are regionally very rare species occurring mainly in warmer areas; the Manovicky rybnik pond is only their second known locality in the study region. Hypsosinga heri and H. pygmaea, two recorded hygrophilous species, are regionally very rare species of colder, near-natural wetlands. The combination of several other hygrophilous and xerothermophilous species, caused by habitat diversity of extreme substrate conditions, forms the spider community at the site. Co-occurrence of these species and abiotic conditions was typical for periodically disturbed riverine gravel beds, an almost vanished habitat in Central Europe. The relatively broad habitat relations diversity of the species inhabiting this very small (1.5 ha) site and the occurrence of several regionally important species indicate that periodically drained pond bottoms could be important anthropogenic habitats for terrestrial arthropods conservation.