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Determining water and sediment quality related to lead-zinc mining activity

Yucel D. S., Baba A.

Archives of Environmental Protection

2018

Vol. 44, no. 3

19--30

This study focuses on the Koru and Tesbihdere Pb-Zn mining districts, located at the upstream areas of the Umurbey dam basin. Mining activities in Koru, one of the longest operated mines in NW Turkey, date back to the beginning of the 1900s. The purpose of the study is to (1) determine the hydrochemical properties of the water resources and to assess the potential environmental consequences of mining activities in the Koru and Tesbihdere mining districts, and (2) investigate the effects caused by mining activities on the water resources and sediment quality in the Umurbey dam basin. Concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, and Zn in river sediments downstream of the Tesbihdere and Koru mining district, and in the Umurbey dam sediments were higher than the world average for river sediments. The geoaccumulation index and enrichment factor revealed that sediments were strongly polluted with Pb and Zn, moderately to strongly polluted with Cd and moderately polluted with Cu. The chemical analyses of water resources revealed that the maximum Fe, Zn, Pb, Mn, and Cu concentrations reached 2890 μg/l, 1785 μg/l, 1180 μg/l, 984 μg/l, and 419 μg/l, respectively. The Koru River is classified as polluted water according to Turkish inland water quality regulations. The environmental contamination problems in the local drainage system are caused by leakage from past and current tailing ponds into the Koru River.

Development of implantable probe for observation of microcirculation

Imachi K., Mochizuki S., Baba A., Isoyama T., Saito I., Takiura K., Chinzei T., Shiraishi Y., Yambe T., Abe Y.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

2007

Vol. 27, no. 1-2

45-52

It is a long-term controversial point between the circulatory physiologists and the artificial heart researchers whether the pulsatile flow is essential for the living body or not [1]. In particular, since the axial flow pump, a continuous flow pump, that could keep the patients alive for more than a few years was introduced into use in clinical setting in 2001, this problem has been regarded as a very important physiological and pathophysiological issue. The objective of this study was to develop an implantable probe to observe microcirculation in artificial circulation. The principle of the probe developed in this study is the following: a thin living tissue is put directly on a highly integrated CCD (charge coupled device), and it is illuminated from the backside of the tissue with LED(light emitting diode). The microvascular nets in the tissue will be projected on the CCD surface, like a contact photograph, which produces an image on the TV screen. The problems are how to magnify them to be able to observe the erythrocyte flow, how to control the focus, how to electrically insulate them and how to make them compact. After several attempts to magnify the image, a micro lens having 2 mm in diameter, 2 mm long and 6 times magnification, was designed and made of acrylic resin. The lens was installed into a CCD camera with 8 mm in diameter and it was 60 mm long. The camera could magnify the image about 650 times on the 14 inches TV screen. A distinct microcirculation image, including the capillary flow, could be observed when the camera was implanted into the connective tissue under the skin of the rabbit. Now the focus control system is being developed with the camera to be implanted in animals on the long-term base.