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Formation of Generative Organs of Switch-Grass (Panicum virgatum L.) Depending on Cultivation Conditions

Dryha Viktoriia, Doronin Volodymyr, Sinchenko Victor, Karpuk Lesia, Mykolaiko Valerii, Topchiy Oksana

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

210--215

EN

The paper covers the issues of the formation of the generative organs of switch-grass plants (Panicum Virgatum L.) in the correlation with the varietal features and the weather conditions in an inter-phase period of "flowering-seed formation". Switch-grass is one of the most promising perennial cereal plants to produce bio-fuel. Widespread introduction into production is held back by low seed emergence, which is due to its large dormancy state. Therefore, to study the causes of this phenomenon and the ways to reduce it is of a real relevance. In the vegetation years, the size of pollen grains ranged from 22.9 to 23.6 mkm depending on the varietal features and the weather conditions in a phase of flowering and pollen formation. A significant difference in a pollen size in a correlation with the varietal features was not recorded; the tendency towards the increase or decrease of its size was seen though. In the years under study, the sizes of pollen grains changed under the effect of weather conditions, it occurred even within one cultivar. The pollen of all the cultivar samples had the smallest size in 2018 and 2019; and in the vegetation years of 2020-2021 the average pollen sizes were much larger for all cultivars than in 2018 and 2019. Over the years under study, on the average, no significant difference in the sizes of embryo and seed, depending on the varietal features, was recorded. The growing weather conditions had a significant effect on the sizes of embryo and seeds, their length and width, and it amounted to 98-100%. The most favorable weather conditions for the processes of flowering and seed formation were created in 2019, as compared with those in 2020 and 2021, which ensured the formation of larger sizes of both embryos and seed in all the cultivars. The correlation-regression analysis of the data showed a strong linear correlation between the length and the width of embryo and the weather conditions in a phase "flowering-formation" of seed with a determination coefficient R2 = 0.9163 and a correlation coefficient R = 0.96 for the length of embryo and R2 = 0.9613 and a correlation coefficient R = 0.98 for the width of embryo.

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Survival Rate of Willow Depending on the Storage Methods of Planting Material

Daniuk Yurii, Sinchenko Viktor, Dryha Viktoriia, Balan Vasyl, Karpuk Lesia, Topchiy Oksana, Mykolaiko Valerii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 2

25--32

EN

The paper presents the research results of the survival rate of willow planting material depending on the storage methods and varietal peculiarities. The studies of the storage methods of planting material and their effect on the survival rate of cuttings and shoots were carried out in the years of 2019–2021 in the experimental field of the Institute of bio-energy crops and sugar beets, Ukraine. Two willow (Salix spp.) species: three-stamina variety Panfilivska and common willow variety Zbruch, were studied. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots as well as the number of the sprouted ones were monitored during the period of their placing in the storage till their planting in the field. It was found that both cuttings and shoots stored well in all treatments. During the storage, a small number of sprouted cuttings and disease - affected ones were recorded. Rot-affected cuttings and shoots of both varieties were recorded only when they were stored in plastic bags both with and without lime treatment of incisions. Rot-affected planting material was not recorded when other storage methods were used. It was established that during the storage moisture losses in cuttings and shoots of both varieties were not seen on any record date and as far as the content of nutrition elements (NPK) is concerned, there was a decreasing tendency. It was found that the survival rate of planting material depended on both variety peculiarities and its species, and it was high even on the first record date. Common willow variety Zbruch had the highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots as compared with the three-stamina variety Panfilivska. All storage methods of cuttings and shoots at air temperature 3–5°C ensure their good shelf-life with small damages caused by disease and slight germination in some years. The survival rate of planting material depended on both varietal peculiarities and its species. The highest percentage of survival rate of cuttings and shoots was typical for common willow variety Zbruch as compared with three-stamina variety Panfilivska.

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Formation of Seed Quality of Switch-Grass (Panicum virgatum L.) Depending on Cultivation Conditions and Varietal Peculiarities

Dryha Viktoriia, Doronin Volodymyr, Sinchenko Viktor, Kravchenko Yuliia, Mandrovskya Svitlana, Borivskyi Anatolii, Karpuk Lesia, Mykolaiko Valerii

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 4

15--20

EN

The results of the research concerning the formation of seed quality depending on the cultivation conditions and varietal peculiarities were presented in the paper. Analyzing seed quality in the years under study, it was found out that germination energy and seed emergence depended both on ripeness groups of switch-grass and the sum of effective temperatures in the vegetation period. The highest quality indicators were typical for an early cultivar (Dacotah), an early-ripening cultivar (Forestburg) and average-ripening cultivars (Nebraska, Sunburst); a reliable difference depending on varietal peculiarities was not recorded. Varietal samples of average-late ripening cultivars (Alamo, Cave-in-rock) had reliably lower quality indicators, and a very-late ripening cultivar Kanlow had the lowest ones. In the conditions of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine average-late, late and very late varietal samples do not ripen biologically which affects seed quality – its emergence is very low and amounts to 6–26%. By the years under study, the highest reliable germination energy and emergence of all varietal samples, particularly in a late ripeness group, were recorded in the vegetation year of 2018, and they amounted to 33–66% and 17–25%, respectively, which was predetermined by the sum of effective temperatures – over 3539 °С. Much lower indicators of seed quality were received in 2021, this year was the least favorable for the formation of high-quality seed, and the sum of effective temperatures was only 3080 °С. The conclusion can be made that in the period of vegetation the formation of quality seeds of switch-grass depended on the sum of effective temperatures which was lower than 3300 °С. It has been established that the later a ripeness group is, the larger sum of effective temperatures a varietal sample requires, and accordingly, a longer term for the occurrence of phonological phases of crop growth and development; this has an effect on the peculiarities of the seed formation and ripening and in turn on its quality. It was found out that the factor "the conditions of the year" had the highest effect on seed quality – 48%, and the factor "varietal sample – ripeness group" had the lowest one, namely 29% and 30%, respectively.