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Evaluation of the physical-chemical parameters of the Viñas River in Peru

Márquez Esmila Yeime Chavarría, Mitma Pabel Mariano Meza, Lavado-Meza Carmencita, Cruz-Cerrón Leonel de la, Suazo Nataly Angeles, Suazo Julio Miguel Angeles

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 3

213--221

In the annex of Viñas, Pampas district, Tayacaja Province, Huancavelica department, Peru, they lack the benefit of a drinking water treatment plant and consume water directly from the river, which is also used for livestock and agricultural activities, and waste is dumped, Therefore, the objective of the study was to analyze the physicalchemical parameters of the Viñas River and compare it with drinking water. The evaluation was performed according to the Jefatural Resolution N° 010-2016-ANA and a Hanna brand multiparameter water analyzer was used to evaluate temperature, total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, salinity, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In addition, ANOVA and Tukey tests, Hierarchical Cluster Analysis and Pearson correlation tests were performed. It was determined that none of the samples analyzed exceeds the ECA for water (DS 004-2017-MINAM), nor LMP (DS 031-2010-SA), in addition, if there are significant differences between samples. On the other hand, the parameters that influence the water quality of the Viñas River are STD (975 mg/L), BOD (58 mg/L) and COD (250 mg/L). It is concluded that the habitants of Viñas consume water according to Peruvian standards, even though it comes directly from the river; therefore, there is a need to improve the water purification systems in the annex.

Surface Urban Heat Islands in Belo Horizonte, Manaus, Salvador Bahia Using Remote Sensing and the Weather Research and Forecasting Modeling

Suazo Julio Angeles, Aylas Georgynio Rosales, Rojas Jose Luis Flores, Vasquez Roberto Angeles, Lavado-Meza Carmencita, De la Cruz-Cerrón Leonel, Suazo Nataly Angeles, Karam Hugo Abi, Moreira Davidson Martins

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 7

163--177

The formation of urban heat islands is one of the effects related to urbanization, as it directly affects thermal comfort. There are several methodologies for its estimation, we can highlight the Gaussian (the best known), whose limitation focuses on the analysis of Gaussian surfaces. When the surface presents cases of poly-nucleated conglomerates, another type of approach (non-Gaussian) is recommended, such as the Quantile method. Therefore, this work seeks to estimate the intensity of surface urban heat islands (SUHI) in the long term (2001–2016) with both methodologies (Gaussians and Quantiles). Based on satellite data and the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) meteorological simulation, both with a special resolution of 5 km, for the metropolitan areas of Belo Horizonte, Manaus and Salvador, located in Brazil. Both methods indicate the formation of intense heat islands in the hottest months in the 3 cities studied, with less monthly variation compared to the surface temperature of the Earth’s surface.