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Comparison of reading speed, phonological decoding, and comprehension in the group of children with anisometropic amblyopia and control group

Buczkowska H., Miskowiak B.

Optica Applicata

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2017

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Vol. 47, nr 3

351--362

EN

The purpose of this study was to compare the reading speed, phonological decoding, and comprehension between a group of children with anisometropic amblyopia (amblyopic group) (N = 21) and a group without visual problems (control group) (N = 37). Mean (± SD) age in amblyopic group was 10.3 ± 1.7 and 10.7 ± 1.3 years in control group (p = 0.130). The reading speed measurement was conducted with the use of Konopnicki test, phonological decoding and comprehension using the Prolexia tests – string words test and string sentences test. All reading tests were made binocularly with spectacle correction (subjective refraction result). The median (range) of the Konopnicki test in the amblyopic group was 62 words per minute (from 32 to 108), while 92 words per minute (from 51 to 125) in the control group (p < 0.0001). The mean (± SD) of the string words test for amblyopic group was 3 min and 55 s (± 1.68), while in control group it was 2 min and 55 s (± 0.95) (p < 0.0001). Median (range) of the string sentences test for amblyopic group was 4.18 min (from 1.52 to 10.32) and for control group was 2.50 min (from 1.30 to 5.12) (p < 0.0001). This study indicates that children with anisometropic amblyopia achieve significantly worse results in reading speed, phonological decoding, and comprehension.

2

Visual parameters of Polish special schools students

Buczkowska H., Miskowiak B

Optica Applicata

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2014

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Vol. 44, nr 2

227--236

EN

The purpose of this study was to coduct a visual screening of students in special schools with a set of tests chosen by the faculty and staff of the Department of Optometry and Visual System Biology of Poznań University of Medical Sciences. Students mentally handicapped (N = 318) between the age of 7 and 22 (mean age 14.4 ± 2.84) were screened. Group 1 were children aged 7 to 12 (n = 65), group 2 were subjects aged 13 to 16 (n = 167) and group 3 included people aged between 17 and 22 (n = 86). The scope of the screening included: auto-refractometer (Shin-Nippon A type) without cycloplegia, visual acuity for distance, positive lens test +1.00 D (diopter), spatial vision (stereo) at near, color vision and near point of convergence. 72 children (22.6%) were prescribed correction, but only 30 children actually wore glasses on a permanent basis (9.4%). Of those not using correction (n = 288): in group 1 the adopted criteria for visual acuity for the right eye were not met by the 38% of the respondents or 35% for the left eye; group 2 – 36% of the respondents failed (right eye) and 31% (left eye); 50% of students in group 3 did not meet the visual acuity criterion. Stereo was failed in groups 1 and 3 by almost 60% while in group 2 the test was failed by 47% of the respondents. The results of the refraction revealed a small degree of myopia in each eye of 38% in the entire sample. Hyperopia was found in 42% (right eye) of the students whereas 44% (left eye) in the entire sample. Astigmatism ranging from 0.75 to 2.00 D was noted in the case of 32% of people. This study indicates the need for a systematic vision screening, more than just visual acuity at distance, among the students in special schools.

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Are traditional methods of balancing accommodation still useful in the modern optometry office? A comparison of methods

Pempera P, Feltzke M, Miskowiak B

Optica Applicata

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2014

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Vol. 44, nr 1

79--91

EN

The goal of this research is to compare the usefulness of both Turville infinity balance (TIB) and Humphriss immediate contrast (HIC) as methods of balancing accommodation. Statistical analysis of test results and practical application of both tests were taken into account. A group of 50 people between 18 to 72 years of age were examined. Balancing the state of accommodation of each eye by the two aforementioned methods was performed after refractive examination and full correction of refractive errors. The examination was carried out by the use of phoropter and optotypes on the LCD monitor. Bland–Altman plots were used as a method of statistical analysis. Calculations were made by the use of the programs Excel 2000 and MedCalc. Three variables d, T and H were defined as the differences in spherical lens powers, right and left eye respectively, after monocular refraction (d ), after the balance of accommodation by the TIB test (T ) and after the balance of accommodation by HIC test (H ). The mean difference between TIB and HIC methods for the same individuals was +0.05 (95% limits of agreement: from –0.40 to +0.51 D), the mean difference between the refraction monocular (d ) and the TIB method (T ) was +0.01 D (95% limits of agreement: –0.48 to +0.50 D), the mean difference between monocular refraction (d ) and HIC method (H ) was 0.07 D (95% limits of agreement: from –0.56 to +0.69 D). Comparison of the selected methods of balancing accommodation shows that for patients, in whom it can be used, the Turville infinity balance test is a superior method to the Humphriss immediate contrast test.