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Polska wyprawa na Grenlandię w 1937 r.

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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R. 62, nr 4

45--63

EN

The Polish expedition to Greenland in 1937 was the fourth Polish expedition to the Arctic in mid-war period. 7 persons took part in it: Stefan Bernadzikiewicz (1907-1939) - equipment and technical issues, Antoni Gaweł (1901-1989) - geologist, Alfred Jahn (1915-1999) - geographer, geomorphologist, Aleksander Kosiba (1901-1981) - leader, glaciologist and geomorphologist, Stanisław Siedlecki (1912-2002) - meteorologist, Rudolf Wilczek (1903-1984) - botanist, Antoni Rudolf Zawadzki (1896-1974) - photogrammetrist. The expedition also hired six Innuits to help. The expedition was doing research from June 16 to August 23, 1937 on Arfersiorfik fiord (Western Greenland) on its initial section and its inshore strip 100 km inland. Results of the expedition: botany - samples were taken of the peat bog and tundra, geodesy - magnetic declination was mapped out - 56° W; geology - geological-petrographic charting of the outskirts of ice sheet was made, samples of the rock base, moraine and sedimentary ones were taken; geomorphology - structure and genesis of the landscape was studied, mainly of terraces, including isostatic movements; glaciology - shoreline of the ice sheet and its outskirts were studied; cartography, triangulation and toponomy - map of the land on a scale of 1 : 50 000 was published, 23 new names connected with Poland and Polish people were given; climatology - new meteorological data was collected from 2 stations; palynology - high content of pollen of coniferos trees was detected, particularly of pine, whose pollen was found even far to the north near Gothåb; pedology - different types of structural soils and their connection with the climate were described.

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Polska wyprawa na Spitsbergen w 1934 roku

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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R. 60, nr 2

117--140

EN

Polish expedition to Spitsbergen in 1934 was already the second Polish polar expedition to the Arctic. It was scientific-mountaineering in character. 7 persons took part in it: Witold Biernawski (1898-1957) – film-maker and radiotelegraph operator, Stefan Bernadzikiewicz (1907-1939) – expedition leader, Henryk Mogilnicki (1906-1999) – photographer and radiotelegraph operator, Stefan Zbigniew Różycki (1906-1988) – geologist, Stanisław Siedlecki (1912-2002) – meteorological observer, Sylweriusz Bohdan Zagrajski (1892-1940) – triangulator, Antoni Rogal-Zawadzki (1896-1974) – topographer and photogrammetrist. The purpose of this expedition was to collect data in geology and cartography, and to a lesser degree – in glaciology, botany, zoology and meteorology. It lasted from May 20 to September 16, 1934. The time between June 20 – August 28 the group spent on Spitsbergen’s Torell Land. The outcome: an area of app. 300 square kilometres of previously undiscovered land was marked by triangular system, covered by photogrammetric photos and surveyed. Geological research covered the land of app. 500 square kilometres and the group collected geological specimens of app. 800 kg in weight. On the basis of their research, two maps (at a scale of 1:50 000 and 1:200 000) were published. The participants collected also botanical and zoological material. Meteorological observations were carried out at the base over Van Keulen fjord throughout the whole expedition. Different objects on Torell Land were named by the expedition, their names referring largely to Poland (Annex I). Approximately 200 photographs and a film were shot by the expedition. Apart from scientific research, the participants published also diaries of the expedition.

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Naukowa spuścizna Jeana Emmanuela Giliberta w Polsce (egzemplarze dzieł, recepcja)

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2015

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R. 60, nr 1

185--215

EN

In order to locate copies of the works of Jean Emmanuel Gilibert (1741–1814) located in Poland, 54 libraries were selected for inquiry, chosen on the basis of their history or of the nature or size of their collections. So far, 27 libraries have responded to the inquiry. There are works of J.E. Gilibert stored in 14 of them. To date, 102 copies of different editions catalogued under Gilibert’s name have been recorded in libraries in Poland. These books were placed in these libraries in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, mainly as part of donations from private libraries. In Poland, the reception of the botanical works of J.E. Gilibert changed over time. Initially they were accepted uncritically (Stanisław Bonifacy Jundziłł, Józef Jundziłł). Over time, and with the increase in floristic data subsequent to the publication of Gilibert’s works, his treatises were cited less frequently. As early as the second half of the nineteenth century, Polish botanists mentioned them only occasionally. More accurate works, containing newer taxonomical considerations of species, effectively supplanted the works of Gilibert in scientific circulation. It is worth noting that for contemporary plant taxonomy, the botanical works of Gilibert are of no scientific value. Four of them (Flora lituanica inchoata, Exercitium botanicum, Caroli Linnaei botanicorum principis, Exercitia phytologica) are listed in Appendix V, ‘Opera Utique Oppressa’, of the 2006 Vienna Code of Botanical Nomenclature. Names appearing in these works in the rankings specified at the end of each listing (species and intraspecific taxa) are not accepted as valid.

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Stulecie zdobycia południowego bieguna Ziemi

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2013

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R. 58, nr 2

57--75

EN

The turn of the 19th and 20th centuries is a period of intensive research on Antarctica. It was during this period that the South Pole was attained. There were four expeditions which attempted to reach the South Pole: The British National Antarctic Expedition, (1901-1904), on the ship „Discovery”, was led by Robert Falcon Scott (1868-1912). The British tried to reach as far south as possible and on December 31, 1902 they reached 82°17’S. The British Antarctic Expedition (1907-1909) on the ship „Nimrod”, led by Ernest Shackleton. On January 9, 1909 the expedition reached 88°23’S. 3.The Norwegian expedition on the ship „Fram” (1911-1912), led by Roald Amundsen (1872-1928). Amundsen and Olav Bjaaland (1873-1961), Oscar Listing (1871-1936), Helmer Hanssen (1870-1956) and Sverre Hassel (1876-1928) on December 14, 1911 were the first to reach the geographic South Pole. 4. Scott’s expedition on the ship „Terra Nova” (1911-1913). The expedition to the South Pole began on November 1, 1911. Scott, Henry R. Bowers (1883-1912), Edgar Evans (1876-1912), Lawrence Oates (1880-1912) and Edward A. Wilson (1872-1912) reached the South Pole on January 17, 1912. They all died on their way back. The participants of all expeditions led to attain the South Pole carried out observations, collected various samples and conducted scientific observations. Afterwards, the collected data and objects were compiled scientifically, sometimes for many years on. During that time, the following, among other, was discovered: the shelf character of Ross Ice Shelf, the Taylor Valley (the first of the snow-free Antarctic „oases”), setting up the basic stratigraphy of the Victoria Land mountains, about 40 thousand various geological and biological specimens were brought home, the latter belonged to more than 2,000 species of plants and animals, among which, more than 400 were species new to science.

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Stanisław Siedlecki (1912–2002) – polarnik, taternik, geolog. Stulecie urodzin

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2013

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R. 58, nr 3

61--80

EN

Stanislaw Siedlecki was born on September 17, 1912 in Cracow. He studied physics and mathematics (1931/1932) at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow and at the University of Warsaw - physics (1933/1934) and geology (1934-1939). At that time he participated in a number of Polish expeditions: in 1932-1933 - on Bear Island, in 1934 and 1936 - to Spitsbergen, in 1937 - to Greenland. During World War II, he worked as a geologist in the German Amt für Bodenforschung (1942-1943), in the Museum of Natural Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences and Letters in Cracow (1943-1944). In 1945-1950 he worked in the Department of Geology at the Jagiellonian University. Stanisław Siedlecki received his PhD in geological sciences from the Jagiellonian University in 1949 at. In 1950-1953 he worked at the Museum of the Earth, in 1953-1956 - at the Institute of Geological Sciences. In 1954 Siedlecki was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor. In 1956-1964 he worked in the Department of Geological Sciences of the Polish Academy of Sciences. He then organized several Polish expeditions to Spitsbergen as a part of the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958). In 1957, he supervised the building of the Polish Polar Station at Spitsbergen. In 1964-1966 he worked at the Norwegian Polar Institute in Oslo. He then carried out geological research on Svalbard. In 1965 Siedlecki was promoted to the rank of Full Professor. In 1966-1979 he worked at the Norwegian Geological Institute in Trondheim. In 1971 he became a citizen of Norway. On January 1, 1980 he decided to retire. He pub lished numerous academic dissertations and two books. In 1996, the king of Norway awarded him with the Royal Norwegian Order of Merit. Siedlecki was, among other, a mem ber of the Explorers Club in New York (USA) since 1980. He died on March 8, 2002. Stanislaw Siedlecki was the true founder of Polish polar exploration. In 2007, in recognition of his outstanding achievements, the Polish Polar Station on Spitsbergen was named after him.

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Pierwsza polska wyprawa polarna

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2013

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R. 58, nr 4

43--59

EN

The International Meteorological Organization at a meeting of directors of meteorological institutes in Copenhagen in 1929, determined that the 2nd International Polar Year will be held from 1932 to 1933. The Polish National Committee of the Polar Year developed three alternatives of conducting researches within the program of IP YII. The alternative assuming the building of a permanent sta tion on Bear Island and conducting follow-up researches during the next year was finally chosen as the accepted option. Due to the limited financial resources, 3 persons were selected to partici pate in the expedition: Czesław Centkiewicz, Władysław Łysakowski and Stanisław Siedlecki. In the initial period (until mid-September of 1932), in the expedition there also participated Jean Lugeon and Jan Gurtzman. The media was initially set against the expedition. The expedition departed on 12 July, 1932 from a town of Legionowo, near Warsaw. It reached Bear Island on August 5, 1932 and left on August 18, 1933. The different records, collected with an extensive amount of effort, during the stay on Bear Island were analysed (at least partially) after the explorers returned to Poland. There were four notebooks Résultats des Observations de ľ expédition polonaise de ľ Année Polaire 1932-1933 à ľ Ile des Ours and several other publica tions printed. The first Polish expedition to the Arctic proved to be an extremely successful venture. The scientific and research objectives were almost completely fulfilled. Poland, in a very effective and positive way, became known in the world of science. The experience gained during this expedi tion was bearing fruit for years to come both to its participants and to the entire Polish world of science.

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Historia Zielnika Instytutu Botaniki UJ

Kohler P.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2001

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R. 46, nr 4

77--104

PL

Najstarszy w Polsce uniwersytecki zielnik, znajdujący się w Instytucie Botaniki Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, został założony w 1780 r. Jego historia w latach 1780-1910 była przedmiotem osobnego opracowania. Niniejsza praca obejmuje dalsze dzieje Zielnika Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego.

EN

The paper describes the history of the Jagiellonian University Herbarium (KRA) in Cracow (Poland) in the years 1910-2000. The description is based on published and on archival sources, but not on data contained on the herbarium labels. The period till 1910 was the subject of a separate paper.