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2 Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2 2024

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Nutritional Benefits and Antihyperglycemic Potential of Carob Fruit (Ceratonia siliqua L.): An Overview

Laaraj Salah, Hussain Ashiq, Mouhaddach Aziz, Noutfia Younes, Gorsi Faiza Iftikhar, Yaqub Shazia, Hussain Imtiaz, Nisar Rizwan, Salmaoui Souad, Elfazazi Kaoutar

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 3

124--132

Carob (Ceratonia siliqua L.), a plant native to the Mediterranean, is a member of the legume family and its fruit is called a pod. The flesh of the pod (pulp) is very rich in sugar, while the seeds are high in protein. The pod is also a good source of minerals such as potassium, calcium and phosphorus. It is rich in polyphenols and antioxidants. Due to its nutritional composition, it is suitable for improving human well-being. This article reviews the chemical composition of locust bean fruit and its biological effects on human health. Understanding the traditional uses of locust bean fruit in relation to its potential as an anti-diabetic agent is important in view of the numerous recent scientific studies on its pharmacological properties. The study focuses on in vivo and in vitro antihyperglycemic research, as well as the nutritional profile and potential food applications of this natural product for food formulation and fortification. Based on its chemical and pharmacological properties, this species is believed to have beneficial preventive and therapeutic effects, particularly in hyperglycemia. Researchers can further extract and isolate bioactive compounds from different carob fractions to develop pharmaceutical products and functional foods for the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Myrtle Leaves (Myrtus communis L) and Olive Leaves (Olea europaea): Effect of Drying by Fluidization and Solar Methods on Key Bioactive Compounds Contents

Lekrati Mounia, Elfazazi Kaoutar, Laaraj Salah, Zerrouk Latifa, El Madani Saad

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 2

210--217

The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of drying by fluidization technology, compared to a traditional solar drying, on phenolic compounds of Moroccan Myrtus communis L. and Olea europaea L. species. Two main parameters of drying by fluidization (air speed (0.3-1 m/s for myrtle leaves and 1-3 m/s for olive leaves) and air temperature (40-60 °C for the two plants leaves)) were modified and controlled. Results showed that high loss values in total polyphenols (TPP) and flavonoids (TF) were observed at (60 °C; 0.3 m/s) for myrtle leaves and at (60 °C; 1 m/s) for olive leaves. However, these compounds were more stable at (40 °C; 1 m/s) for myrtle leaves and at (40 °C; 3 m/s) for olive leaves. Regarding the solar drying method, the results showed that, for myrtle leaves, high losses were observed in the TPP and TF contents, compared to the fluidization method for all processing parameters. For olive leaves, traditional solar drying gives products with phenolic contents similar to those obtained by fluidization drying, especially at (60 °C; 3 m/s). The findings indicated that employing the fluidization drying method might be a suitable approach for enhancing the conservation of bioactive compounds within myrtle and olive leaves.