Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The influence of different steering systems on a wheel slip

Stajnko D., Berk P., Mursec B., Vindis P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 55, nr 2

817--824

EN

Purpose: Modern and advanced mountain tractor allows four different modes of steering wheels: front wheels, back wheels, four wheels and crab steering. The current paper presents the impact of different ways of steering to control the slip in the work transverse on the steep hill slope (39.08%). Design/methodology/approach: For each mode of steering eight measurements were made; four measurements at a forecasted speed of 0.69 m/s and four measurements at a speed of 1.39 m/s. During the two of four measurements the travelling direction was from the left to the right, and vice versa. Findings: The measured slip depended significantly on the steering system, while the driving direction did not cause any differences in the slip. Research limitations/implications: The experiment results presented herein can be applied only with the similar mountain tractors, which allows four different modes of steering wheels. Additional limitation represents the working polygon and the growing conditions of grass. Practical implications: The crab - steering resulted in the smallest slip (5.96%) at the average driving speed of 1.08 m/s. When steering with all four wheels, the slip at the average speed of 1.03 m/s increased to 7.27%. The biggest slip was measured when steering with only front wheels was applied. In this case the slip was 8.07% at the average speed of 1.01 m/s. Originality/value: The findings from our experiments indicated that it is very useful to have all wheels steering tractor when working on step slope, because it is grass friendly, offers bigger agility of tractor and improve the safety of the operator.

2

Synthesis water level control by fuzzy logic

Berk P., Stajnko D., Vindis P., Mursec B., Lakota M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 45, nr 2

204--210

EN

Purpose: This paper focuses on evolving of two types fuzzy and classical PID liquid level controller and examining whether they are better able to handle modelling uncertainties. A two stage strategy is employed to design the synthesis fuzzy and classical PID controller with the process of the first and second order and implements disorder (quadratic function). Design/methodology/approach: The synthesis of fuzzy and classical PID liquid level controller was realized with the HP laptop 6830s Compaq NA779ES, software Matlab/Simulink 2008b, FIS (Fuzzy Inference System) soft logical tool, input-output unit 500 Dragon Rider and ultrasonic sensor. Using the simulation program Matlab/Simulink/FIS we simulate the operation of fuzzy and classical controller in the liquid level regulating cycle and made a comparison between fuzzy and classical controller functioning. Findings: From the responses to step fuzzy and classical controller for first-order process shows that the actual value of the controlled variable takes the value one. Fuzzy and classical PID controller does not allow control derogation, which is also inappropriate for fuzzy and classical control cycle with incorporating disturbance. Classical PID controller in the first-order process provides short-term regulation, such as fuzzy PID controller. In fuzzy control cycle with fuzzy PID controller and incorporating disturbance in the process of second-order the control cycle is stable and at certain predetermined parameters (integral gain) a control does not allow deviations. Research limitations/implications: In future research, the robustness of the fuzzy logic controller will be investigated in more details. Practical implications: Using fuzzy liquid level controller can reduce power consumption by 25%. Originality/value: Fuzzy logic controller is useful in applications of nonlinear static characteristic, where classical methods with usually classical PID controllers cannot be a satisfactory outcome.

3

Automatic and conventional system for feeding calves

Janzekovic M., Mursec B., Janzekovic I.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 49, nr 2

566--572

EN

Purpose: The study proved automatic feeding to be more suitable for farms with large number of calves as it could substantially reduce working hours. Design/methodology/approach: The experiment comprised 20 calves which were monitored from birth until the age of 10 weeks. On specific days (1st, 8th, 29th, 50th and 71st) calves were weighed and their height of wither, height of rump and body length were measured. Findings: The comparison between feeding using bucket teat or automatic feeding system showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in the body weight during the period between 50th and 71st day of age (13.30 kg and 9.90 kg), in height of wither in the period between 8th and 29th day of age (1.80 cm and 2.70 cm) and in height of rump in the period between 29th and 50th day of age (1.70 cm and 2.70 cm). Research limitations/implications: On the first farm “A”, calves of Simmental breed were fed with milk replacer using a bucket teat (conventional feeding). On the second farm “B” calves of Holstein-Friesian breed were given milk replacer using an automatic milk feeding. Practical implications: The aim of our study was to find out which feeding strategy is more suitable for the calves and for the farmer. Originality/value: We studied different feeding strategies for calves on two farms. Significant differences were (p ≤ 0.001) in body length during the period between 50th and 71st day of age (2.80 cm and 1.50 cm).

4

The efficiency of different machines for controlling of western corn rootworm adults

Stajnko D., Janzekovic M., Mursec B., Vindis P., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 40, nr 1

79-86

EN

Purpose: the appearance western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) in Slovenia brings new challenges to machines used for pesticide spraying of corn. The control of western corn rootworm is difficult due to the height of the corn crop in July-August. The current paper presents the exploitation characteristics of mistblower with cannon and field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom and vertical tube extension with distributing nozzles on pesticide distribution over the corn plant. Design/methodology/approach: Two field experiments with different air adjustments and driving speed (mistblower with cannon) and nozzle flow and driving speed (field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom) were research. Findings: The ventilator of the mistblower spread the pesticide over the wider band of the field as the field sprayer, however the pesticide distribution measured as coefficient of variation did not fulfil the legislative requirements. Research limitations/implications: The experiment results presented herein can be applied under similar equipment adjustment, working speed and growing conditions of the corn plant (78.000/ ha and the height of 2.70 m). Practical implications: The field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom and vertical tube extension was proved as an efficient machine for controlling of western corn rootworm adults in the developed corn growing over 2.70 m. With the presented technical procedure the damage caused by the western corn rootworm can be almost completely prevented. However due to the growing stage of the plant in the time of spreading of the adult, about 6.5 % of the plants are overridden. Originality/value: By implementing the findings from our experiments a severe damage in corn yield caused by the western corn rootworm can be reduced significantly. On that way an effective way in production of corn can be contribute to farmers’ economy.

5

The art equipment for measuring the horse’s heart rate

Janzekovic M., Prisenk J., Mursec B., Vindis P., Stajnko D., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 41, nr 1-2

180-186

EN

Purpose: of this paper: Heart rate is a reliable indicator of the stress. Non-invasive methods have advantage over the methods that have a negative influence on the condition of an animal. When breeding sport horses, which undergo stressful training every day, it is required, from an ethical aspect, to monitor their capabilities by using most advanced electronic devices Polar Sport Tester and Polar Equine RS800cx G3. Design/methodology/approach: The original Polar ProTrainer 5 Equine edition software facilitates the analysis of individual training phases and gives the number of heart beats, average heart rate, average speed and distance covered in individual training phases. Findings: Heart rate increased, in warming up phase, from the value associated with a resting horse (30 to 40 bpm) approximately in one minute, while, during the slow cooling down phase, ten minutes were required for the heart rate to reach the afore-mentioned value. During quick trotting heart rate are 112 heart beats per minute, while during steeplechase phase, it increased to the value of 160 to 170 heart beats per minute. Research limitations/implications: To receive heart rate without disturbances already we moisten the skin on the contact spots, using a mixture of water and electrolytes (Salvana Nutrilyt). Placing receiver on the saddle close by the T56H transmitter was the optimal choice. Practical implications: Modern equipment makes monitoring the horse’s heart rate accurately and to perform, safely and without disturbances, exercises required during training. It also checks the heart rate, which indicates the horse’s health. Originality/value: Polar Sport Tester and Polar Equine RS800cx G3 are state of the art products that facilitate the receipt of the horse’s heart rate signals. The accuracy of the acquired results can be compared with those obtained with ECG measurements.

6

Anaerobic digestion of maize hybrids for methane production

Vindis P., Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Stajnko D., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 40, nr 1

87-94

EN

Purpose: This research project was aimed at optimising anaerobic digestion of maize and find out which maturity class of corn and which hybrid of a particular maturity class produces the highest rate of biogas and biomethane. Also the chemical composition of gases was studied. Design/methodology/approach: Biogas and biomethane production and composition in mesophilic (35 degrees C) conditions were measured and compared. The corn hybrids of FAO 300 - FAO 600 maturity class were tested. Experiments took place in the lab, for 35 days within four series of experiments with four repetitions according to the method DIN 38 414. Findings: Results show that the highest maturity classes of corn (FAO 500) increases the amount of biogas and biomethane. The greatest gain of biogas, biomethane according to maturity class is found with hybrids of FAO 400 and FAO 500 maturity class. Among the corn hybrids of maturity class FAO 300 - FAO 400, the hybrid PR38F70 gives the greatest production of biogas and biomethane. Among the hybrids of maturity class FAO 400 - FAO 500, the greatest amount of biogas and biomethane was produced by the hybrid PIXXIA (FAO 420). Among the hybrids of maturity class FAO 500 - FAO 600 the hybrid CODISTAR (FAO 500) the highest production of biomethane. Production of biomethane, which has the main role in the production of biogas varied with corn hybrids from 50-60 % of the whole amount of produced gas. Research limitations/implications: Economic efficiency of anaerobic digestion depends on the optimum methane production and optimum anaerobic digestion process. Practical implications: The results reached serve to plan the electricity production in the biogas production plant and to achieve the highest biomethane yield per hectare of maize hybrid. Originality/value: Late ripening varieties (FAO ca. 600) make better use of their potential to produce biomass than medium or early ripening varieties.

7

The impact of mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion on biogas production

Vindis P., Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 36, nr 2

192-198

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to compare mesophilic and thermophilic anaerobic digestion of three maize varieties. Parameters such as biogas production and biogas composition from maize silage were measured and calculated. The amount of biogas production (methane) was observed by the mini digester. Design/methodology/approach: Biogas production and composition in mesophilic (35 degrees C) and thermophilic (55 degrees C) conditions were measured and compared. The measurements were performed with mini digester according to DIN 38414 part 8. We used three different maize varieties (NK PAKO, PR34N43 and RAXXIA). Findings: Biogas yields ranged between 315 - 409 Nl kg VS-1 in mesophilic conditions and 494 – 611 Nl kg VS-1 in thermophilic conditions. The highest biogas yield was in case of NK PAKO (611 NI kg VS-1) in thermophilic conditions. The lowest biogas yield was in case of PR34N43 (315 NI kg VS-1) in mesophilic conditions. Biogas quality produced in thermophilic temperature range is better than biogas quality produced in mesophilic temperature range. Thermophilic digestion is 4 times more intense, has higher VSS removal efficiency and yields more biogas. Research limitations/implications: Thermophilic stabilization of energy plants at 55°C is truly economical, more biogas is produced. The only disadvantage of thermophilic stabilization is that more energy is used for heating fermenters. Therefore, further researches are necessary. Practical implications: For biogas plants with mesophilic digesters we suggest an upgrade of existing mesophilic digesters (35°C) to thermophilic digesters (55°C), which is an economically beneficial solution compared to construction of additional mesophilic digesters. Originality/value: The mini digester for biogas production was built as special equipment. It can be used in mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. The quality of the produced biogas is determined with a gas analyser GA 45.

8

The efficiency of different machines for controlling of western corn rootworm adults

Stajnko A. D., Janzekovic M., Mursec B., Vindis P., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

698-705

EN

Purpose: The appearance western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera LeConte) in Slovenia brings new challenges to machines used for pesticide spraying of corn. The control of western corn rootworm is difficult due to the height of the corn crop in July-August. The current paper presents the exploitation characteristics of mistblower with cannon and field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom and vertical tube extension with distributing nozzles on pesticide distribution over the corn plant. Design/methodology/approach: Two field experiments with different air adjustments and driving speed (mistblower with cannon) and nozzle flow and driving speed (field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom) were reserach Findings: The ventilator of the mistblower spread the pesticide over the wider band of the field as the field sprayer, however the pesticide distribution measured as coefficient of variation did not fulfil the legislative requirements. Research limitations/implications: The experiment results presented herein can be applied under similar equipment adjustment, working speed and growing conditions of the corn plant (78.000/ ha and the height of 2.70 m). Practical implications: The field sprayer with high-mounted spraying boom and vertical tube extension was proved as an efficient machine for controlling of western corn rootworm adults in the developed corn growing over 2.70 m. With the presented technical procedure the damage caused by the western corn rootworm can be almost completely prevented. However due to the growing stage of the plant in the time of spreading of the adult, about 6.5 % of the plants are overridden Originality/value: By implementing the findings from our experiments a severe damage in corn yield caused by the western corn rootworm can be reduced significantly. On that way an effective way in production of corn can be contribute to farmers’ economy.

9

Mini digester and biogas production from plant biomass

Vindis P., Mursec B., Rozman C., Janzekovic M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 35, nr 2

191-196

EN

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the construction of a mini digester for biogas production from different agriculture plant biomass and other organic wastes. The amount of biogas production (methane) is observed by the mini digester. Design/methodology/approach: The mini digester consisting of twelve units was built and some measurements with agriculture plant biomass were performed according to DIN 38414 part 8. Four tests simultaneously with three repetitions can be performed. Findings: With the mini digester the amount of biogas production is observed. The parameters such as biogas production and biogas composition from maize and sugar beet silage in certain ratio were measured and calculated. The highest biogas and methane yield was 493 NI kg VS-1 or 289 NI CH4 kg VS-1. Research limitations/implications: The scope of substrates for the anaerobic digestion process is on the increase so the interest in the use of the biogas as a source of a renewable energy is very high. With mini digester it is possible to observe the amount of biogas (methane) production and so the most suitable plant giving the maximum methane yield, can be determined. Practical implications: The aim of biogas as renewable source of energy is to replace fossil fuels with sustainable energy production systems and to fulfil the requirements of the Kyoto Protocol. On big farms the liquid manure and different energy crops can be used for biogas production. That can improve the economical efficiency of the farm and reduce the CO2 emissions. Originality/value: Mini digester for biogas production was built as special equipment. The quality of produced biogas is determined with a gas analyser GA 45.

10

Mastitis detection based on electric conductivity of milk

Janzekovic M., Brus M., Mursec B., Vinis P., Stajnko D., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 34, nr 1

39-46

EN

Purpose: If measurements of the increased total count of somatic cells in the individual udder quarter or in the whole udder could be determined with electric conductivity by means of the microprocessor-controlled device Mastitron LF 3000 enough precisely to predict the presence of subclinical mastitis. Design/methodology/approach: The occurrence of increased count of somatic cells in milk was found out group by group by the method of measuring the electric conductivity of milk. For the milk conductivity the average measurement from all four udder quarters was taken into account. The population of 102 lactating cows (Black and white, Simmental and Brown Swiss breed) on seven farms fore three summer months was observed. Findings: It was established that higher average electric conductivity than 6.5 mS/cm confirmed in 80% also the increased count of somatic cells in milk. When evaluating the differences between the quarters exceeding 1 mS/cm also a higher total count of somatic cells was confirmed in 73.7%. Moreover, statistically significant relation (P<0.01) between the CMT test and the ECM was found out so it can be claimed that the two methods do not exclude themselves mutually. Research limitations/implications: It was found that the reliability of the ECM in our case was 80% depending to a large extent on the milk composition which changed depending on the stage of lactation, type of feed and general health condition of animals. For a more reliable, accurate and faster implementation of the ECM method further researches will be necessary. Practical implications: Though the ECM method of determination of the subclinical mastitis of the milch-cows is well established in the world, it is not yet known well enough in the Slovene practice as a method of diagnosing the subclinical mastitis. Originality/value: It was found that the results of our research in production circumstances were comparable with the indications of the maker and foreign researchers.

11

Energy saving in milk processing

Janzekovic M., Mursec B., Vindis P., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 33, nr 2

197-203

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to present the justification of replacement of the obsolete system for milk pasteurization and washing of the production line by the newer CIP system (cleaning in place) in the dairy. The latter ensures reliable washing and sterilization of lines and machines, which is one of the principal prerequisites for the product quality. Design/methodology/approach: The measurements were performed with the installed equipment CIP Module 5111 - 5116. The cleaning equipment is an 8 line satellite system. The SPS control and the visualization take place through the RAS (Remote - Access) network. The visualization data are archived and the visualization is connected to the PC network. The worn Alfa Laval pasteur has been replaced by the new Fischer equipment. Findings: The new CIP system assured 43% water saving, if compared with the old equipment. Saving of washing agents (caustic solution, acid) amounted to 11.5%. Due to smaller need for energy (gas, electricity) the energy costs were reduced by 19%. Research limitations/implications: The modern system for pasteurization and washing is closely connected with energy saving measures. It allows the production of safe milk products in accordance with HACCP (hazard analyses of critical control points) and reduces the hazard of injuries with chemicals. Practical implications: For any company the investments are a decisive factor for its growth and development. Modernization of systems for washing of production lines in dairies assures the cost reduction at all levels and the milk processing into high-quality milk products. Originality/value: The new CIP energy saving system has an influence on the costs of the dairy business activities and the reduction of environment burdening. Owing to the use of new equipment allowing 20 second maintaining time of pasteurization the pasteurization temperature has been reduced from 78°C to 76°C and, thus, the profitability of the pasteurization process has been improved.

12

Analysis of different substrates for processing into biogas

Mursec B., Vindis P., Janzekovic M., Brus M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2009

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Vol. 37, nr 2

652-659

EN

Purpose: The main target is to produce as much biogas as possible with highest possible biomethane content from crops representing the principal fuel for driving the gas motors and electric generators and, consequently, production of electricity. Design/methodology/approach: The biogas production was measured by a mini digester according to the German standard DIN 38414, Part 8. It was effected in the mesophilic temperature range. The biogas production from six different energy crops and pig slurry was measured in the laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences. In six trial fields the monocultures such as maize, sorghum, amaranth, sunflower, Jerusalem artichoke and sugar beet were grown. Findings: The highest biomethane production was achieved with the sunflower substrate (283 Nl/kgVS), followed by the sorghum substrate (188 Nl/kgVS) and maize (187 Nl/kgVS). The amaranth substrate produced 225 Nl/kgVS and the Jerusalem artichoke 115 Nl/kgVS. The least amount of biomethane was produced from the sugar beet (95 Nl/kgVS). Research limitations/implications: The basic structure of the laboratory device is welded from stainless steel (inox) and is limited by the following dimensions: 2500 mm length, 1000 mm height and 350 mm width. The device consists of twelve units of fermentors ensuring four tests simultaneously with three replications and assuring high accuracy of results. Practical implications: The test fermentors serve to test the biogas production from different energy crops and other materials of organic origin. The results reached serve to plan the electricity production in the biogas production plant. Originality/value: The mini digesters simulated in laboratory the actual state from the biogas production plant. Anaerobic fermentation was introduced and the biogas to be processed into electricity was produced.

13

Testing of quality of sowing by pneumatic sowing machines

Mursec B., Vindis P., Janzekovic M., Brus M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 26, nr 1

81-88

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to presents two sowing machines for interval sowing, differing in the mode of operation. We were interested in adequacy of sowing at different working speeds of the pneumatic vacuum sowing machine OLT and the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker for sowing sugar beet. The goal of the paper is to find out the optimum working speed for the individual sowing machine. Design/methodology/approach: : In completely identical conditions at different speeds of sowing two sowing machines which are most widely used in Slovenia were tested. Findings: We measured and calculated the parameters such as working efficiency, depth of sowing, inter - row distance and distance between seeds in the sowing row. Research limitations/implications: For successful sowing it is necessary to know adequacy of the soil for sowing, technical properties of the sowing machine and biotechnical characteristics of the seed. Cultivation of sugar beet depends primarily on expert and technically correct sowing. For growth and normal development of plants the distance between seeds in the sowing row is the most important parameter. Practical implications: Expertly performed sowing and sowing machines are of great importance for cultivation of sugar beet. The tests were aimed at defining the most suitable sowing speed for both sowing machines on the basis of measured data. The principal aim of the paper is to establish whether the higher working speed influences the quality of sowing. It is very important for the producers to be well familiarized with all agro-technical measures because cultivation of sugar beet requires much money invested and work performed per unit of area. Originality/value: : The optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic vacuum machine OLT is 8 km/h and the optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker is 10 km/h.

14

Justification of replacement of pasteurization equipment in dairy

Janzekovic M., Mursec B., Vindis P., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 26, nr 2

191-194

EN

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of new equipment on the effect of pasteurization in the department for pasteurization. The total bacterial count (TBC) in receiving raw cow milk and after termical treatment-pasteurization has been measured. Design/methodology/approach: The measurements were performed with old Alfa Laval Pasteur from year 1982 and after replacement with new Fischer pasteur 43 year 2006. The line between receiving tank to pasteur in dairy remain the same. The daily sampling and analyses of finale receiving tanks were made on department for receiving milk for October 2005 (93 analysis) and December 2006 (96 analysis). Findings: The raw milk was in October 2005 on average for 10,6% worse quality (calculation of average value of TBC per ml), then in December 2006. The effect of pasteurization was after test, at working old equipment only 32,25%, at working new equipment was 100,00%. Research limitations/implications: The new equipment for pasteurization allows the production of safe milk products in accordance with hazard analyses of critical control points (HACCP). Practical implications: The effect of pasteurization with the new pasteur was perfect. At internal margin 95% this level overreach all 31/31 analysing samples. We get more stable production and reduce expense of steam, which serves for reaching of appropriate temperature of pasteurization. Originality/value: to the use of new equipment allowing 20 second maintaining time of pasteurization the pasteurization temperature has been reduced from 78*C to 76*C and, thus, the profitability of the pasteurization process has been improved.

15

Biogas production with the use of mini digester

Vindis P., Mursec B., Rozman C., Janzekovic M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 28, nr 1

99-102

EN

Purpose: of this paper is to present the construction of a mini digester for biogas production from different energy plants and organic wastes. With the mini digester the amount of biogas production (methane) is observed. Design/methodology/approach: Firstly, the mini digester consisting of twelve units was built and secondly some measurements with energy plants were performed. The measurements were performed with mini digester according to DIN 38414 part 8. Four tests simultaneously with three repetitions can be performed. Findings: The mini digester was built and then parameters such as biogas production and biogas composition from maize and sugar beet silage were measured and calculated. The highest biogas and methane yield was 493 NI kg VS-1 or 289 NI CH4 kg VS-1. Research limitations/implications: The interest in the use of the biogas as a renewable source of energy is increasing and also the scope of substrates for the anaerobic digestion process is on the increase. With the mini digester it is possible to observe the amount of biogas (methane) production and thus the most suitable plant, giving the maximum methane yield, can be determined. Practical implications: The biogas is a renewable source of energy. On big farms the liquid manure and different energy plants can be used for biogas production. That can improve the economical efficiency of the farm and reduce the CO2 emissions. Originality/value: For biogas production a special device, the mini digester, was built. The composition of produced biogas is determined with the gas analyser GA 45.

16

Processing of soybean meal into concentrates and testing for Genetically Modified Organism (GMO)

Vindis P., Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 20, nr 1-2

507-510

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the paper is to show how the soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate and how the GMO content is tested when the soybean meal is accepted in the feed concentrate factory. Design/methodology/approach: After acceptance of the soybean meal the analysis for the protein and moisture content is made by the use of Inframatic. The average monthly sample is sent to an external laboratory for testing for GMO content. According to the regulations the GMO content must not exceed 0,9% and is determined by the PCR (polymeraze chain reaction) method. The soybean meal is processed into the feed concentrate by the use of hammer mill, feed mixer and pellet mill. Ten analyses for GMO content have been performed by establishing the influence of the origin on the GMO content; the average percentage of GMO in the soybean meal was 0,3%. Findings: In two cases the results of analyses of the soybean meal were negative, which means that the soybean meal did not contain any GMO; in eight cases the test was positive, but none exceeded the sill of 0,9%. Irrespective of the supplier or origin the average percentage of the GMO in soybean meal is approximately identical, i.e., 0,3%. Only the soybean meal, arriving from Brazil, has a smaller percentage of the GMO, i.e., 0,22%. It means that not the supplier, but only the origin has an influence on the percentage of the GMO in soybean meal. Research/limitations/implications: The research has been performed on soybean meal, arriving from Brazil and Hungary, where ten analyses for GMO content have been performed. Practical implications: On the average, the soybean meal coming from Hungary contains more GMO, i.e., 0,3%, than the soybean meal coming from Brazil, which contains 0,22%. Originality/value: The research showed that most soybean meal were genetically modified, but in no case the limit prescribed by the regulations, i.e., 0,9% was exceeded.

17

Analysis of quality of sowing by pneumatic sowing machines for sugar beet

Mursec B., Vindis P., Janzekovic M., Cus F., Brus M.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 22, nr 1

85-88

EN

Purpose: The paper presents two sowing machines for interval sowing, differing in the mode of operation. The pneumatic vacuum sowing machine OLT and the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker for sowing sugar beet are compared. We were interested in adequacy of sowing at different working speeds. The purpose of the paper is to find out the optimum working speed for the individual sowing machine. Design/methodology/approach: The measurements were performed with two sowing machines which are most widely used in Slovenia; the sowing machines were tested in completely identical conditions at different speed of sowing. Findings: The parameters such as working efficiency, depth of sowing, inter-row distance and distance between seeds in the sowing row were measured and calculated. Research limitations/implications: Cultivation of sugar beet depends primarily on expert and technically correct sowing. Distance between seeds in the sowing row must enable the plants to have optimum conditions for their growth and development. For successful sowing it is necessary to know adequacy of the soil for sowing, technical properties of the sowing machine and biotechnical characteristics of the seed. Practical implications: Sowing machines and expertly performed sowing are of great importance for cultivation of sugar beet. The principal aim of the paper is to establish whether the higher working speed influences the quality of sowing. The test were aimed at defining the most suitable sowing speed for both sowing machines on the basis of measured data. Cultivation of sugar beet requires much money invested and work performed per unit of area. It is very important for the producers to be well familiarized with all agro - technical measures. Originality/value: Taking into account all measured parameters the optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic vacuum machine OLT is 8 km/h and the optimum sowing speed of the pneumatic pressure sowing machine Aeromat - Becker is 10 km/h.

18

Accuracy of calculation of body mass on the basis of measurements

Janzekovic M., Brus M., Mursec B., Cus F.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2007

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Vol. 23, nr 2

47-50

EN

Purpose: The results of measurements shows that the chest size is not enough accurate to establish the body mass of living animals in all development stages, therefore additional measuring of the trunk length was used to increase reliability of the estimate. Design/methodology/approach: During the test 30 fattened animals were considered and were weighed by electronic weighing device EC 2000. The trunk length (d) and the chest size (o) were measured simultaneously. The body mass (T) was calculated according to the equation: T = o x d / 50. By the statistical package SPSS 12.01. for Windows the basic statistics for the studied properties was calculated. By the t-test the calculated and the actually weighed body masses of animals were compared. Findings: On the young fattened cattle it was established that with 240 - 290 kg body mass, when the body form is most rectangular, the accuracy of calculation on the basis of measured body parts, is the greatest. The percentage difference between weighed and calculated body mass is only 0.06%, which is very accurate. Research limitations/implications: For wide applicability of measurement results on the living animals in all stages of growth it would be necessary in the equation for the calculation to include also the trunk size in the middle of the body and the size in the rear part. Practical implications: On small farms where the cost of purchase of the digital weighing device would be too great a burden, thus, measuring of the chest size at 3 cm behind the elbow joint, in the middle of the trunk (behind the last rib), and measuring of the size in the rear part of the body and the trunk length from the middle of the withers to the tail root are more appropriate. Originality/value: The animals which phenotypically feature cylindrical shape in the period of growth can be measured most simply in the front middle and rear part of the body and, then, their body mass can be determined very accurately on the basis of the data obtained.

19

Comparison of rollers after sowing of buckwheat

Mursec B., Janzekovic M., Cus F., Zuperl U.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 17, nr 1-2

269--272

EN

Purpose: This paper compares the effect of three types of rollers (rubber, edged and smooth) upon sprouting of three sorts of buckwheat seed (‘Darja’, ‘Bamby’ and ‘Gorenjka’). Rolling is a very important soil cultivation measure after sowing of small seed such as the buckwheat seed, particularly, during the time of drought when the test was performed. Design/methodology/approach: A field test was carried out on divided lots of land in a random block. Sowing and rolling were performed on 6 June 2003. During that period there was an extreme drought causing lack of humidity in the ground. The plants were counted on the 10 and 12 July, i.e., on the fourth and sixth day after sowing. There were most sprouting plants in case of rubber rollers, followed by smooth and edged rollers. Findings: The least plants sprouted on the non-rolled lots of land. The sort had a statistically characteristic effect on the share of plants sprouting during the fourth and sixth day after sowing. Research limitations/implications: The research was carried out only with three types of rollers and three sorts of buckwheat seed. Practical implications: The sort ‘Gorenjka’ had most sprouting plants, followed by the sort ‘Bamby’ and the sort ‘Darja’ with least sprouting plants. Originality/value: In our researches it was proved that the most favourable combination is the rubber roller and the sort ‘Gorenjka’.

20

Organizacja zaopatrzenia w narzędzia w procesie produkcyjnym

Cus F., Mursec B., Balic J., Madejski J. [tłum.]

Zarządzanie Produkcją

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1999

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Vol. 2, nr 1-2

14-18

EN

The tool supply system is intended to feed the tools to metal-working machines taking into account the time, quantity, position and target and also the tool removal. As a matter of fact, it represents a subsystem of the superior tool system. For a trouble-free flow the following functions are needed: purchase, arrangement, readiness, pre-setting and maintenance.