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Study of the Possibility of Biorecultivation of Soils Contaminated with Brown Coal Waste

Akmaral Issayeva, Akmaral Alikhan, Kulaisha Tlegenova, Gulzhaina Alpamyssova, Yerzhan Issayev, Tleukeyeva Assel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 25, nr 4

314--322

EN

Environmental pollution by industrial waste, including brown coal mining, is one of the environmental problems of many countries. To improve the ecological situation in the region, it is necessary to recultivate soils contaminated with brown coal waste. The goal of the study was to study the possibility of biorecultivation of soils polluted with brown coal waste from the Lenger deposit located in the south of Kazakhstan. It was found that the inorganic part of the brown coal waste is represented by minerals: Quartz SiO2 , Gypsum CaSO4×2H2O, Kaolinite Al2Si2O5(OH)4, Cronstedtite Fe3((Si0.74Fe0.26)2O5)(OH)4, Margarite CaAl2(Si2Al2)O10(OH)2, Muscovite H2KAl3(SiO4)3, Calcite CaCO3, Laumontite CaAl2Si4O12(H2O)2, Lead Aluminium Sulfate Hydroxide Pb0.5Al3(SO4)2(OH)6, with quartz content in samples in the range of 61.5–92.9%. The organic part of the waste is 90.0% made up of humic acids and fulvic acids. It has been established that heterotrophic, cellulolytic microflora and micromycetes are represented by the genera Rhodococcus, Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Penicillium; Trichoderma, Dietzia, promising for biorecultivation purposes. The phytocenosis of coal waste dumps is composed of toxicotolerant ruderal plant species of the local f lora: Centaurea scabiosa L., Centaurea iberica Trev., Cichorium intybus Linn., Cousinia cyrdariensis Kult., Achilleamille folium L., Thlaspiar vense L., Arctiumto mentosum Mill., Onopórduma cánthium L., Agropyron cristatum L., Phlum pratense L., Erytrigia repens L., Nevski/Agropyron repens L.,Cynodon dactylon L., Capparis spinosa L., Polygonum aviculare L., Dodartia orientalis L., Althaea officinales L., Alhagipseud alhagi (Bieb.)Desv., Peganum harmala L. For biorecultivation of soils contaminated with brown coal waste, an algorithm of work has been developed, including the use of soil blocks with integrated seeds of toxicotolerant plants inoculated with microorganisms.

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Soil Pollution with Heavy Metals in the Turkestan Region

Salim Yerbol, Yerimbetova Aizhan, Baiduisenova Togzhan, Uspabayeva Aigul, Abildayeva Roza, Balgabekova Aigerim, Ashirbayeva Saltanat, Tleukeyeva Assel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

31--38

EN

Toxic pollutants of industrial origin can be dangerous for professionals who come into contact with them at work, and also for the people who live near the sources of environmental hazards. There is a known relationship between the soil pollution with heavy metals and the morbidity of the population. This paper reports a study of the soil pollution with ions of heavy metals in the Turkestan region, Kazakhstan. The study found technogenic geochemical anomalies of various size, intensity and origin in the soils of the Turkestan region. The distribution of lead, copper, barium, zinc, molybdenum, phosphorus and arsenic was mapped based on the ecological and geochemical survey of the upper soil layer. The most polluted city is Kentau, where concentrations of Pb, Mo, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Mn, Cr, Ni in the soil exceed the allowable level. The cause of pollution is erosion that occurs in the areas of technogenic waste storage. In some communities, the concentration of only one metal exceeded its MAC or the Clarke number, for example, only scandium exceeded its Clarke number by 1.1 in Lenger and only exceeded its Clarke number by 2.75 in Sholakkorgan.

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The Use of Phosphorus-Containing Waste and Algae to Produce Biofertilizer for Tomatoes

Tleukeyeva Assel, Alibayev Nuradin, Issayeva Akmaral, Mambetova Lyazzat, Sattarova Aygul, Issayev Yerzhan

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 2

48--52

EN

The current state of phosphorus-containing waste and the methods of its disposal remain relevant. The storage of phosphorus-containing waste sludge is carried out in sludge collectors, which occupy large areas. With the disposal of slags and sludge, as well as the elimination of sludge collectors, the harmful effect of waste on the soil will cease, and the possibility of using these areas for economic land use will appear. Many studies show the movement of phosphorus in soil and water, thus proving the difficulty of disposing of this waste. Of course, phosphorus slags and sludge are used in small quantities in the production of building materials, but this does not solve all the problems. In the south of Kazakhstan, there are warehouses for the waste from the production of phosphorus-containing fertilizers, which also require disposal. One of the ways of modern utilization of these wastes is their use in fertilizers for agriculture. However, since the phosphorus-containing waste has a high content of phosphorus, compared to nitrogen and potassium, this ratio can be changed with the addition of chlorella biomass. The purpose of the conducted study was to investigate the possibility of using a complex of phosphorus waste and algae, that is, the cultivation of chlorella at various concentrations of phosphorus-containing waste for further use of the suspension in watering the test plant. In the form of a test plant, tomato seeds were chosen, the cultivation of which in agriculture is economically profitable. When cultivated in closed ground, tomatoes lose their taste, which can be restored with the use of organic fertilizers. This article shows the results of the influence of various concentrations of phosphorus waste and green microalgae on the growth and development of Solanum lycopersicum.

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Reaction of Aquatic Plants of Small Rivers of the Turkestan Region of Kazakhstan to Heavy Metal Ions

Issayeva Akmaral, Myrzabayeva Zhanar, Kidirbayeva K., Ibragimov Talgat, Baitasheva G., Tleukeyeva Assel

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 6

43--49

EN

Heavy metals are some of the environmental pollutants that have a serious impact on the environment. The analysis of hydromacrophytes growing in small rivers of the south of Kazakhstan with different contents of heavy metal salts revealed that the morphometric indicators of the same plant species differ significantly, depending on the level of total mineralization of the aquatic environment in different rivers of the Turkestan region. It has been established that two plant species can be used to bioindicate the content of lead ions in the aquatic environment: Azolla caroliniana Willd. and Veronica beccabunga L., which must be introduced into the tested aqueous solutions in the amount of 1.0 kg/m3 and 1.5–2.0 kg/m3, respectively, to fully cover the water column at different depths. The first morphological changes in plants, in the form of destruction of the structure of chloroplasts along the edges of unfolded leaves in A. caroliniana Willd. and slight withering of the lower underwater leaves in V. beccabunga L., occur already at a 1.5 mg/l Pb2+ content in water, and a further increase in the content of lead ions in water to 600.0–800.0 mg/l leads to the death of plants.

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Green Algae as a Way to Utilize Phosphorus Waste

Tleukeyeva Assel, Pankiewicz Radoslaw, Issayeva Akmaral, Alibayev Nuradin, Tleukeyev Zhanbolat

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 10

235--240

EN

The possibility of using phosphorus-containing wastewater as a raw material for the cultivation of the green algae strain Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1 can represent an effective processing of phosphorus-containing by-products. A laboratory experiment was made to study the effect of the concentration of phosphorus-containing wastewater on the biomass density of the green alga strain Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1. Three weeks after sowing, we measured the biomass density of algae in various components of the phosphorus-containing wastewater. Compared to the control (distilled water), the addition of phosphorus-containing wastes did not adversely affect the culture of green algae, with the exception of a 20% medium where algal cells were discolored and had a low biomass density, 104 CFU. However, more research is needed to better study the response of green algae to phosphorus-containing waste, to determine the amount of phosphorus in cells and solution. In addition, evaluate the agronomic efficiency of the Chlorella vulgaris ASLI-1 strain, cultivated on phosphorus-containing waste, when applying fertilizers for growing vegetables.