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EN
A model of two-parameters halftone reproduction and method of adjustment process synthesis, aimed to compensate nonlinearities of screening and printing processes in consecutive inking units have been developed; the results of imitation modelling of linear screen scale reproduction have been offered in this article.
PL
Opracowano model odtwarzania półtonów reprodukcji o dwóch parametrach i metodę syntezy procesów przygotowawczych, mającą na celu kompensację nieliniowości procesów rastrowania i drukowania w ciągłych systemach farbowo-drukujących; w artykule przedstawiono wyniki modelowania imitacyjnego reprodukcji liniowej skali rastrowej.
2
Content available remote Innovations in forming technologies
EN
Purpose: of this paper is the research of implementation of lightweight materials (aluminium, magnesium) as an important contribution for significant weight savings. Design/methodology/approach: Higher process stability, improved material exploitations, and generall shortening of process chains are the most important aims of Fraunhofer IWU. The requirements of the future car ask for lightweight construction concepts, in which materials, design, and manufacturing processes harmonize optimally. Therefore, Fraunhofer IWU researches on forming and joining technologies in order to achieve the optimum usage of high-strength steels, aluminium, magnesium, and fiber composite materials. Findings: New forming technologies as press hardening or electromagnetic forming (EMF) bring positive effects by resource efficiency and energy savings. When developing new materials, it is important to design the whole process chain according to the specific material properties. Practical implications: Press hardening offers an effective method of forming high strength steels. EMF is a high-speed forming technology applicable for shaping, joining, and cutting electrically conductive sheet metal or hollow profile components. Originality/value: The usage of lightweight materials is only reasonable when their mechanical characteristics such as stability, stiffness, and temperature resistance are better than those of classic steel. The same is true for the material and production costs.
3
Content available remote Decidability and Universality in Symbolic Dynamical Systems
EN
Many different definitions of computational universality for various types of dynamical systems have flourished since Turing's work. We propose a general definition of universality that applies to arbitrary discrete time symbolic dynamical systems. Universality of a system is defined as undecidability of a model-checking problem. For Turing machines, counter machines and tag systems, our definition coincides with the classical one. It yields, however, a new definition for cellular automata and subshifts. Our definition is robust with respect to initial condition, which is a desirable feature for physical realizability. We derive necessary conditions for undecidability and universality. For instance, a universal system must have a sensitive point and a proper subsystem. We conjecture that universal systems have infinite number of subsystems. We also discuss the thesis according to which computation should occur at the `edge of chaos' and we exhibit a universal chaotic system.
4
Content available remote Stability of subshifts in cellular automata
EN
We show relations between several concepts of stability based on topological and measure-theoretical concepts in the Cantor and Besicovitch topological spaces. These concepts elucidate the behavior of cellular automata in which successively larger and larger regions are homogenized.
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