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Maize root architecture and biomass productivity after application of organic and inorganic additives in contaminated soil

Głąb Tomasz, Jarosz Renata, Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2024

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Vol. 31, nr 1

75--87

EN

Both inorganic and organic soil amendments serve as pivotal tools for augmenting crop yield and optimising fertilisation efficacy, while enhancing soil physical and biological characteristics, bolstering carbon sequestration, and remedying soil degradation caused by pollutants and salinity. This study was carried out with the specific objective of discerning the impact of various zeolite composites and their mixtures with lignite or leonardite on maize biomass output. To achieve this aim, the following treatments were applied in a controlled pot experiment: zeolite/carbon and zeolite/vermiculite composites mixed with lignite or leonardite, and a control treatment devoid of any amendments. Subsequent analysis encompassed the root morphometric parameters and maize aboveground production. The lowest productivity was characterised for maize without any fertilisers and amendments. The highest aboveground biomass of maize straw was obtained when only mineral fertilisation was applied. Both aboveground and root biomass were at the same level, notwithstanding the soil amendments, zeolite composites or organic amendments. Root morphological parameters, including root dry matter, root length, root surface area, and volume, were influenced by the addition of zeolite/carbon and zeolite/vermiculite composites with organic component. Our research shows the beneficial effect of the applied additives on some morphological properties of the roots. Zeolite/vermiculite composite application increased root surface area and root volume.

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Effect of soil application of zeolite-carbon composite, leonardite and lignite on the microorganisms

Wolny-Koładka Katarzyna, Marcińska-Mazur Lidia, Jarosz Renata, Juda Michał, Lošák Tomáš, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2022

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Vol. 29, nr 4

553--563

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of mineral-organic mixture on changes in the abundance of selected soil microorganisms. The experiment contained: soil with NPK (nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus) + 3 % or 6 % lignite (MF+CW3 %, MF+CW6 %) and 3 % zeolite-carbon composite (NaX-C); soil with NPK + 3 % or 6 % leonardite (MF+CL3 %, MF+CL6 %) and 3 % NaX-C; soil without fertilisation (C); soil fertilised with mineral NPK fertilisers (MF). Plants participating in the experiment were spring wheat and spring oilseed rape. The presence of the selected microorganisms was determined: Azotobacter spp., actinomycetes, ammonifiers, bacteria and mold fungi. Using Koch’s serial dilution method, the abundance of selected soil microorganisms was performed. The conducted research allows to conclude that the abundance of detected microorganisms depended on both the applied fertilisation and the plant grown. For the spring oilseed rape, the highest abundance of microorganisms was determined in treatments where fertilisation with lignite mixtures was applied, while for spring wheat, with leonardite mixtures. Increasing (from 3 % to 6 %) the share of lignite and leonardite in fertiliser mixtures did not translate into a proportional growth in the abundance of microorganisms, so such a treatment has no economic justification. Given their alkaline pH, the mixtures used can be a substitute for calcium fertilisers to improve soil properties and, consequently, protect soil organic matter from degradation.

3

Compost produced with addition of sewage sludge as a source of Fe and Mn for plant

Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Kopeć Michał, Spałek Iwona

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2021

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Vol. 28, nr 2

259--275

EN

Direct application of sewage sludge to soil is controversial due to, among others, its highly variable composition, odour, and risks for health. The obtained composts with the addition of sewage sludge were tested for the contents and availability of manganese and iron. Once composts were applied to the soil, their effect on the content and availability of Mn and Fe in soil and bioaccumulation in the plant were determined. The addition of sewage sludge enriched composts with manganese and iron, but did not increase the content of water-extracted forms of Mn and Fe. The compost with addition of biochar had more organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe. Composts amended with sewage sludge had lower effect on the amount of Poa pratensis L. biomass than maize straw compost. The content of Mn and Fe in Poa pratensis L. was in the range permissible for biomass used as fodder. Smaller addition of all composts to the soil significantly increased the content of mobile manganese forms; however, neither the type nor the dose had effect on the content of iron mobile forms. There was no significant differences in the content of organic matter-bound forms of Mn and Fe in soil after the application of composts.

4

Recovery of Leachate from Everbearing Strawberry Cultivation as an Element of Retardation

Kopeć Michał, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Gondek Krzysztof, Zaleski Tomasz, Bogdał Stanisław, Bieniasz Monika, Błaszczyk Jan, Kaczmarczyk Elżbieta, Knaga Jarosław, Łapczyńka-Kordon Bogusława, Nawrocki Jacek, Pniak Michał

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 21, nr 7

197--203

EN

Due to the scale of leachate formation in soilless crop technologies, water and nutrient management is becoming more and more important and can determine the production efficiency. Closed systems, including recirculation or recovery of leachate from fertilisation, are an opportunity to retard unfavourable nutrients and water, which has become an important element of modern technology and has a significant environmental impact. Re-application of leachate, despite very low concentrations of macroand microelements, must be performed taking into account the properties of the substrate/soil, the requirements of the plant and the dose of leachate. In the case of maize cultivation on two soils, irrigation of the crop with leachate from soilless strawberry production led to the soil salinization. From the point of view of the leachate fertiliser value, the source of water for fertigation and the component concentration in the media, which can cause ion imbalance, remain important.

5

Zastosowanie biowęgla i zeolitu jako adsorbentów zanieczyszczeń mineralnych

Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Gondek Krzysztof, Bajdab Tomasz, Kopeć Michał

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2019

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T. 98, nr 12

1969--1972

PL

Przedstawiono możliwość zastosowania zeolitu syntezowanego z popiołów lotnych oraz biowęgla wyprodukowanego z biomasy roślinnej do stabilizacji Cd, Pb i Zn w glebie zanieczyszczonej solami tych metali. Wykazano, że najbardziej efektywnym adsorbentem Cd, Pb i Zn był biowęgiel, co wynikało ze zmiany właściwości gleby (m.in. wartości pH) oraz specyficznych właściwości sorpcyjnych biowęgla. Zarówno zeolit, jak i biowęgiel wykazywały potencjał w sorbowaniu metali ciężkich z zanieczyszczonej gleby, a stopień ich immobilizacji zależał od rodzaju metalu, jego stężenia w roztworze glebowym oraz ilości i rodzaju zastosowanego adsorbenta.

EN

Zeolite (Z) was synthesized from fly ash obtained as a result of conventional hard coal combustion, and biochar (BC) obtained from biomass. The effect of Z, BC and their mixt. addn. to soil contaminated with Cd (3CdSO4 8H2O), Pb (C4H6O4Pb 3H2O) and Zn (ZnSO4 7H2O) on the immobilization of heavy metals was studied. Z and BC had the potential to sorb heavy metals but the most effective adsorbent for these metals was BC, what resulted from changes in soil properties (redox potential and pH).

6

Sewage sludge biochar effects on phosphorus mobility in soil and accumulation in plant

Gondek Krzysztof, Mierzwa-Hersztek Monika, Kopeć Michał, Sikora Jakub, Lošák Tomáš, Grzybowski Piotr

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

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2019

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Vol. 26, nr 2

367--381

EN

In the course of analysing sewage sludge biochar (BC) as a material containing phosphorus loads, we determined the following: effect of thermal conversion of three different sewage sludge biochars on the content and availability of P in biochars (BC-1, BC-2 BC-3), effect of their application on selected forms of P in soil and on the accumulation of this component in Poa pratensis L. biomass. Regardless of the type of BC, the contents of P-H2O and P-CaCl2 were lower than the contents determined in unconverted sewage sludge. A significant increase in the content of P-CaCl2 compared to the control was noted in the soil of treatments where 1 and 2 % additions of BC-2 and BC-3 were applied. Soil pH (r = 0.826; p ≤ 0.05) and the content of Ca-exchangeable (r = 0.712; p ≤ 0.05) had the strongest effect on the content of P-CaCl2 in soil; however, no significant relationship was found between the amount of P-introduced with BC, the contents of Al-ox., Fe-ox. and the content of P-CaCl2. Significant (p ≤ 0.05) increase in the phosphorus content in plant biomass was noted in all treatments compared to the control. Regardless of the type of biochar applied, the highest amount of P-uptake was determined in treatments where the greatest addition of BC (2 %) was introduced into the soil. A significant relationship between P-uptake and the amount of P-introduced with BC into the soil (r = 0.726; p ≤ 0.05) was demonstrated.