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2 Polish Journal of Ecology

2 2000

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Geographical differences in size, reproduction and behaviour of bank voles in relation to density variations

Yoccoz N., Hansson L., Ims R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2000

Vol. 48, Suppl.

63-72

The bank vole in Europe is hardly genetically differentiated, except in northern Fennoscandia, but shows large phenotypic variation. Body weight has been studied in the field and in the laboratory. Large bank voles are known in northern cyclic populations found on islands and in alpine areas. Reproductive patterns show that the length of the breeding season and the maturation processes may be more influenced by the fluctuation patterns than the length of the vegetative period. Behavioural differences are also known to occur between individuals from northern cyclic populations and individuals from southern stable populations. The relative importance of density fluctuations patterns and environmental harshness in causing geographical variation patterns is not known.

Dispersal in the bank vole

Gliwicz J., Ims R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2000

Vol. 48, Suppl.

51-61

The objective of this chapter is to review progress made in the studies of dispersal in the genus Clethrionomys, and particularly in C. glareolus. This is presented in a comparative context to Microtus voles. From reviewed data the following is evident: (1) Habitats of Clethrionomys voles range from relatively homogeneous in the north-eastern landscapes dominated by forest to mosaic ones in the central and western Europe. (2) Dispersal was studied on different spatial scales; for each spatial scale specific techniques were used. New methods employing mtDNA markers proved especially useful for studies in very small and large spatial scales. (3) Natal dispersal, studied usually in small enclosed population, was found to be malebiased as in Microtus voles; a possible effect of population confinement on the obtained results is discussed. (4) Breeding dispersal of adult voles, after recent reexamination of evidence, seems to be less common and less adaptive than previously reported. (5) As future directions of vole dispersal studies spatial-temporal dynamics and landscape ecology are indicated.