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Development of thermal runaway emissions aftertreatment system (TREAS) of lithium ion batteries

Darnikowski Daniel

Transactions of the Institute of Fluid-Flow Machinery

2023

nr 142

47--59

Lithium-ion batteries are one of the most cost effective portable energy containers. The fire incident involving such battery (often referred as "thermal runaway"), however, poses a great danger to the surrounding, particularly in the matter of emitted substances and their toxicity for human body. The substances found are carbon monoxide and dioxide, hydrogen and hydrogen uoride. Filtration of these substances may be achieved with dry sorbent injection method, which uses calcium hydroxide. Dry injection filtering prototype is manufactured and tested against thermal runaway of the NCM cells. Following parameters are analysed: air flow, sorbet transport, air temperature of the flue gas and concentrations of the substances. Estimated filtering performance of the dry sorbent injection and air dilution at a flow rate of 1600 m3/h and dosage of 1.8 g/s of calcium hydroxide is 99% for HF and 89% for CO2. NMC cell gas production per Wh were respectively 1060.3 mg of CO2 and 11.8 mg of H2. Air speed of above 5 m/s was found sufficient to transfer the sorbent power from the hopper's inlet.