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Problems of determination of MultiJet 3D printing distortions using a 3D scanner

Nowacki J., Sieczkiewicz N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 103, nr 1

30--41

EN

Purpose: Analysis and the review of 3D scanning methods, methods of combining 3D scans and tables available on the market (rotary, tilt and turn) as non-destructive testing systems of polymer materials. As the problem of deformation testing of elements produced by 3D printing is relatively novel, so far a small number of publications on this subject have been observed in terms of current solutions in the area of methodology and devices. Design/methodology/approach: 3D print samples have been prepared using MultiJet Printing (MJP), also called PolyJet Printing. The first sample was left in a UV oven and the second one in a dark cabinet, without access to sunlight (standard conditions 23/50 as described in ISO 554:1976). Non-contact structured blue light 3D metrology grade scanner was used to capture the entire part geometry for inspection. A comparison of subsequent scans after postcuring with reference scans after printing can indicate dimensional changes. The resulting scans are detailed enough to monitor shape and size changes over time. Findings: Universal 3D printing model beneficial in distortion analysis has been proposed. The method of evaluating 3D print distortions was verified using a metrology class 3D scanner. The results of this study show that deformations are declining through time to near the same values, the only difference is the rate of change of dimensions. Practical implications: Due to popularity and lower cost of polymer 3D printing, in comparison to metal 3D printing, an initial attempt to analyse the distortion of the locally melted substrate was done using MultiJet 3D printing with photopolymer material. The universal 3D print test part was proposed for verification of 3D printing deformations. Finally, the framework for the determination of 3D printing distortions is presented, taking into account the influence of UV postcuring. Originality/value: Analysis of a method to measure 3D printing distortions using a metrology grade 3D scanner is presented in the paper. Recently, this matter is becoming more and more important because many prototypes are increasingly produced by 3D printing and 3D printing distortions may cause many difficulties during the manufacturing and assembly process.

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Badania nieniszczące materiałów kompozytowych kamerą terahercową i metodą termografii aktywnej

Sieczkiewicz N., Knapek D.

Dozór Techniczny

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2018

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z. 5

14--19

PL

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę zwiazaną z wykrywaniem defektów w postaci wody wewnątrz komórek rdzenia w kompozytach typu "sandwich" oraz wtrąceń obcych materiałów. W ramach artykułu wykonano badania wykorzystując system termografii aktywnej C-CheckIR oraz kamerę terahercową TeraSense. Badane próbki, w których zasymulowano wady, wykonano z włókna szklanego i węglowego. Zastosowanie nowoczesnych technik badań nieniszczących pozwala na skuteczne wykrywanie błędów produkcyjnych, a w konsekwencji zwiększenie bezpieczeństwa, jakości i niezawodności wytwarzanych wyrobów

EN

The article presents the problem of the detection following defects like water ingress inside honeycomb sandwich panels and impurities (foreign object detection). As a part of the article, testing composite samples with active thermography (mobile NDT system C-CheckIR) and terahertz imaging camera (TeraSense) was performed. Test specimens, with simulated defects, are made of fiberglass and carbon fiber. Use of modern NDT techniques is effective in identification of manufacturing defects. Therefore, new NDT methods should aim to increase safety, quality and reliability level of the components produced.

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Postępy w ocenie NDT jakości kompozytów polimerowych w warunkach produkcyjnych

Nowacki J., Sieczkiewicz N.

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2018

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nr 1

11--17

PL

W artykule przedstawiono perspektywiczne systemy badań nieniszczących kompozytów polimerowych w aspekcie aktualnych rozwiązań w obszarze metodyki i urządzeń. Opracowano wykaz dostępnych norm dotyczących badań nieniszczących kompozytów polimerowych ustanowionych przez ASTM International, Międzynarodową Organizację Normalizacyjną ISO oraz SAE . W eksperymencie przeprowadzono próby możliwości zastosowania kamery Flir ONE w warunkach warsztatowych do badaniach NDT kompozytowych płyt węglowo-epoksydowych. Wykazano możliwość wykorzystywana kamery termowizyjnej Flir One do podstawowej kontroli kompozytów polimerowych w małych zakładach produkcyjnych.

EN

This article presents non-destructive polymer composite systems in terms of current solutions in the area of methodology and devices. A list of available standards for non-destructive polymer composites established by ASTM International, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO ) and the SAE has been developed. In the experiment, Flir ONE cameras were tested in the NDT workshop for carbon-epoxy composites. The possibility of using the Flir One thermal imaging camera for basic control of polymer composites in small production facilities has been demonstrated.

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Pomiar odkształceń spawalniczych metodami skanowania 3D

Nowacki J., Sieczkiewicz N., Nocoń M.

Badania Nieniszczące i Diagnostyka

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2018

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nr 3

3--6

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano podstawową problematykę związaną z pomiarem odkształceń spawalniczych metodami skanowania 3D. Dokonano przeglądu dostępnych rozwiązań przemysłowych na rynku skanerów 3D oraz wykonano analizę wyników badań eksperymentalnych wielkości odkształceń stali o wysokiej wytrzymałości S960QL napawanej metodą SAW. Dobrano technikę skanowania dla prostokątnych próbek stalowych, wykorzystując następujące technologie: Kinect dla systemu Windows v1 oraz v2, DAVID SLS-3. Podczas pomiarów odkształceń wykorzystano skaner GOM ATOS III Triple Scan. Wyniki badań uzasadniają zastosowanie przemysłowego skanera 3D do pomiaru wielkości odkształceń, który pozwala na rejestrację najmniejszych różnic pomiędzy próbką przed i po napawaniu.

EN

The article describe major problems related to measurement of welding deformations, in particular using the 3D scanning methods are presented. The study includes a review of already available industrial 3D scanning technology solutions. Experimental investigation of high strength steel welding deformations has been done. Surfacing was performed on S960QL steel by SAW method with different welding parameters applied. Appropriate 3D scanning technology was selected. 3D scans were obtained, using Kinect for Windows v1 and v2, DAVID SLS-3. Steel plates were measured using GOM ATOS III Triple Scan. Metrology grade 3D scanner used for measurements of weld distortions ensured required accuracy of measurement. Results proved the rightness and accuracy of such solution.

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Prospective NDT methods for assessing the quality of polymer composites under production conditions

Nowacki J., Sieczkiewicz N.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 87, nr 2

66--74

EN

Purpose: Analysis of non-destructive testing systems polymer composite in terms of current solutions in the area of methodology and devices. Analysis of contemporary standards for non-destructive testing of polymer composites established by ASTM. Analysis of Flir ONE camera capabilities in non-destructive testing composite carbon-epoxy composites. Design/methodology/approach: The thermal imaging tests of the carbon-epoxy composite discontinuity were carried out using a thermal imaging camera and Flir One accessory for an iOS phone. The tests were performed on carbon-epoxy composite samples measuring 100x100 mm. In order to simulate the discontinuity in a sample by the Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) method, a 30x30 mm PTFE film was inserted between the reinforcement layers. The thickness of the sample with discontinuity was 2 mm. Water was added to the selected sample sites. Samples were placed on a 50°C heated plate to record thermal images and thermal images combined with visual contours of samples with simulated defects. Area Calculator – SketchAndCalc Icalc, Inc. was used to describe the size and location of the defects. Findings: As a result of the tests, the use of the Flir One thermal imaging device in epoxycarbon composite discontinuity tests has been demonstrated, and a methodology has been proposed to measure geometrical features of defects. Research limitations/implications: The description of welded joint structure and mechanical properties was based on welding toughened steels by using an innovative welding method and a filler that has been proposed. Practical implications: The development of thermal imaging studies of polymer composite discontinuity using the Flir One thermal imaging camera and accessory with iOS opens up the possibility of conducting a basic inspection of composite materials in production plants, and even for simplicity – also in small laboratories. Originality/value: In order to improve the quality of imaging of small items using the Flir One mobile camera, the use of cheap and readily available lenses used in laser optics has been tested positively.