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Assessment of daily concentrations of air pollutants over four stations of Andhra Pradesh, India, during 2019-2022

Gogineni Rajesh, Umakanth Nandivada, Ramakrishna Yarlagadda, Veeraswamy Parise

Acta Geophysica

2024

Vol. 72, no. 2

1227--1249

In recent years, pollution levels have increased to dangerous levels in several Indian cities. These levels are posing a severe threat to human’s health. Using the data from Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB), the current work focuses on highlighting the primary air pollutants in various regions such as Visakhapatnam (VSK), Hyderabad (HYD), Amaravati (AMV), and Tirupati (TPTY). Data from the Zoo Park area were used to study the location of HYD. Sulphur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), particulate matter with particles less than 2.5 gm in diameter (PM2.5), particulate matter with particles less than 10 gm in diameter (PM10), and ozone (O3) are the air pollutants used for analysis in this work. An attempt was made to research the meteorological factors that contribute to the rising levels of air pollution between 2019 and 2022. Wind speed (WS), temperature (TEMP), relative humidity (RHUM), rainfall (RF), and solar radiation (SR) are the meteorological variables used in the analysis. The prediction of PM2.5 and PM10 was done using artificial neural network (NN) method. The NN method's outcomes show strong correlation in the forecasting of air pollution across four locations. The VSK station exhibited a high correlation of 91.29%, whereas TPTY station had a low correlation of 82.1%, based on CPCB PM2.5 observation and NN technique. The VSK station revealed a high correlation of 90.30%, whereas TPTY station had a low correlation of 81.61%, based on CPCB PM10 observation and NN technique.

Increasing pre-monsoon rain days over four stations of Kerala, India

Umakanth Nandivada, Kalyan S. S. S., Satyanarayana Gubbala China, Gogineni Rajesh, Nagarjuna Ayachithula, Naveen Ramisetti, Rao Kokkerapati Ramachandra, Rao Myla Chimpiri

Acta Geophysica

2022

Vol. 70, no 2

963--978

The climate of India varies greatly by region, as seen by wind patterns, temperature and rainfall, seasonal rhythms and the degree of wetness or dryness. During the several seasons, the weather conditions change. Changes in meteorological factors (temperature, pressure, wind direction and velocity, humidity and precipitation, etc.) cause these changes. The pre-monsoon season (PRMS) comprises of March, April and May months. The precipitation patterns observed in PRMS are crucial because it affects a variety of crop-related operations across the country. The lifting index (LI), K index (KI), total totals index (TTI), humidity index (HI), improved k index, improved total totals index, total precipitable water (TPW) and convective available potential energy (CAPE) are studied at four locations in Kerala during PRMS. These variables were examined on rain day (RD)’s and no rain day (NRD)’s. The four stations we chose for our investigation were Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Alappuzha and Kannur. The GPM IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for Global Precipitation Measurement) daily rainfall datasets have been utilized for this analysis. Fifth-generation ECMWF atmospheric reanalysis (ERA5) daily data for the PRMS of 2021 were used to measure all rainfall-related variables. During PRMS, all metrics clearly distinguished the RD and NRD. The rise in relative humidity and observations of dew point depression indicates that there is enough moisture for convective rain. In May, there were more negative VV values than in April.