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Changes in Seagrass Community Structure in Response to Sediment Load and Excess Nutrients, and its implication to Carbon Stocks in the Berau Marine Conservation Area

Rustam Agustin, Kusumaningtyas Mariska A., Salim Hadiwijaya L., Suryono Devi Dwiyanti, Ati Restu Nur Afi, Sudirman Nasir, Daulat August, Kepel Terry L., Rahayu Yusmiana P., Purbani Dini, Husrin Semeidi, Adi Novi S., Nakaoka Masahiro, Quiros T.E. Angela L., Tanaka Yoshiyuki, Miyajima Toshihiro, Hutahaean Andreas A., Nadaoka Kazuo

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 9

156--168

As the urgency to reduce carbon emission increases, seagrass ecosystems have recently received attention due to their capacity to take up and store high amounts of carbon. Protection of this ecosystem is key to increase resilience to climate change. However, in some of the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), seagrass ecosystems are still under threat. This study aims to investigate the current condition of seagrass ecosystems and compare it to the previous study before MPA was established in the Berau coastal water. SeagrassWatch method was used to measure seagrass community structure. Other proxies were also used to explain factors affecting seagrass condition such as total suspended solid (TSS) and sedimentary stable isotopes to identify the source of organic carbon. The percentage cover of seagrass in this study were categorized as not healthy (<29–59.9%), which was statistically related to TSS. The higher TSS resulted in the lower seagrass cover, as observed in the Rabu Rabu island located adjacent to mainland. Changes in seagrass composition were observed, including the emergence of larger species of E. acoroides and T. hemprichii in the islands located adjacent to mainland. The spatial and temporal changes of seagrass ecosystems observed in Berau MPA should be taken into consideration that conservation on seagrass ecosystems needs to be prioritized by improving the MPA function to avoid further loss of carbon from seagrass ecosystem.

Assessment of Water Quality Status, Nutrients, and Phytoplankton Communities in the Coastal Zone of East Aceh Regency, Indonesia

Tjahjo Didik Wahju Hendro, Wiadnyana Ngurah Nyoman, Purnamaningtyas Sri Endah, Arifin Taslim, Yulius, Purbani Dini, Syam Amran Ronny, Mujiyanto, Wisha Ulung Jantama

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2023

Vol. 24, nr 9

112--129

Due to rapid urban development in the coastal area of the East Aceh Regency, water quality degradation and marine pollution issues become the primary concern in this region. Moreover, seasonal observation of water quality and phytoplankton has yet to be assessed. This study aimed to determine the control of seasonal water quality and nutrients over phytoplankton abundance throughout the East Aceh coast. Direct field measurements and laboratory analyses were performed to collect the primary data, whereby the sampling period was conducted during the displacement toward the ebb tide. We assessed the water quality parameters using a modified CWQI (coastal water quality index). Furthermore, linear regression and principal component analysis were performed as the basis of statistical analyses. The phytoplankton abundance was higher in April than in September, with most Bacillariophyceae and Dinophyceae in all observed stations. Except for DO and turbidity, the assessed water quality parameters (temperature, TDS, conductivity, salinity, sulfide, and TOM) are feasible for marine biota. Of particular concern, the East Aceh coast is characterized by poor-good water quality, with the CWQI value ranging from 40 to 90. Based on the regression and PCA analyses, N and P nutrients significantly control the phytoplankton abundance like a “seesaw” between April and September, with a respective coefficient determination of about 50%. Because of the tremendously high phosphate observed in April, the water condition tended to be P-limited and vice versa for September. On the other hand, instead of evoking the phytoplankton growth, each water quality parameter has a specific influence in characterizing phytoplankton communities in the study area.