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Record of paraglacial environment with examples from Central Poland and its role in morphogenesis of the area

Rdzany Z.

Landform Analysis

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2014

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Vol. 27

35--43

EN

This article analyses the characteristics of paraglacial environment that are recorded in sediments and forms, within the context of the development of views on the relief of Central Poland in the area beyond the extent of the Vistulian (Weichselian) Glaciation. The original relief of the analysed area was formed during the Warta Glaciation (Wartanian, Late Saalian). Until the 1950s, the relief was considered as glacial, when the opinion that periglacial morphogenesis had great significance was prevalent. According to the hypothesis, periglacial processes dominated the original glacial relief, until denudational periglacial plains with tors were formed. However, since the 1960s, more and more data have been documented concerning good preservation of fragments of glacial landscape, particularly within the range of kame fields. In the 1990s, a concept of polygenesis of the relief was presented, stressing the importance of periglacial environment. However, it must be noted that all views on the genesis of the area that have been presented so far still have a gap in the light of contemporary interpretation of the concept of periglacial environment. There is a need to take into account the so-called paraglacial environment, which has hardly been distinguished until now in areas of Pleistocene glaciation. According to present knowledge, the relief of the Warta belt in Central Poland should be recognised as polygenic with predominant features of old glacial relief and with elements of paraglacial, periglacial and fluvio-denudational relief from moderate periods.

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Procesy ekstremalne w zapisie osadów i form warciańskich regionu łódzkiego

Rdzany Z.

Landform Analysis

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2008

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Vol. 8

65--68

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Osady deglacjacyjne zlodowacenia Warty we wschodniej części regionu łódzkiego

Rdzany Z.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

343-351

EN

The author attempts at formulating a synthetic description of geological and geomorphological effects of theWartanian ice-sheet deglaciation in the eastern part of the Łódź region, taking their spatial variability into consideration. Characteristic features of Wartanian Glaciation sediments occur in this area, and their lithofacial diversity and spatial distribution needed interpretation. The deposits document the complex processes of deglaciation, which developed here across an unusually broad area in the scale of the Polish Lowland. The best developed deglaciation sediments occur in the eastern part of the Łódź Heights, between the Mroga and Rawka rivers, as structural components of different types of kames and glaciofluvial covers. In locations where glacial till is elevated they include mainly sediments of braided rivers and alluvial cones, whereas in areas of wide depressions of till and, thus, of the ice-sheet bedrock — glaciolimnic sediments prevail. The highest and most diverse western part of the Łódź Heights is characterised by the occurrence of thin and discontinuous deglaciation sediments, because this area was shaped mainly during the ice-sheet transgression. During deglaciation, ablation waters left mainly traces of erosion, whereas the glaciofluvial accumulation series are not well developed. In the Rawa Interfluve, deglaciation sediments accumulated predominantly at the early deglaciation stage in sparesely distributed broad basins of kame sedimentation. In the Piotrków Plain, deglaciation deposits are thin; ice-sheet disintegration proceeded without major blockages of ablation waters, resulting in a less diverse interfluvial landscape.