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Rapid detection and enumeration of coliforms and Escherichia coli in River Nile using membrane filtration technique

Shash S. M., Kamel M. M., Al-Wasify R. S., Samhan F. A.

Environmental Biotechnology

2010

Vol. 6, No. 1

6-10

The purpose of this investigation was to compare Rapid Hicoliform Agar® (RHA, Himedia, India) with the conventional m-Endo Agar (DIFCO, Michigan, USA) for detection and enumeration of Total Coliforms (TC) and with the conventional Seven Hour Fecal Coliforms Agar (7hFC) for detection and enumeration of Escherichia coli using Membrane Filtration (MF) in River Nile water, Egypt. Sixty samples were collected (five samples per month) from five regions (Kafr El-Elw, El-Maasara, El-Giza, Embaba and El-Galatma) during one year (December 2005-November 2006). The results showed that total coliforms counts ranged from 103 to 104 CFU*100ml-1 using RHA but using m-Endo Agar the counts were around 104 CFU*100ml-1. Escherichia coli counts ranged from 103 to 104 CFU*100ml-1 using 7hFC Agar, while using RHA the counts ranged from 103 to 104 CFU*100ml-1. Statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference (p=0.423) between total coliforms counts using m-Endo Agar and RHA media, also, there was no significant difference (p=0.546) between fecal coliforms (E. coli) counts using 7hFC Agar and RHA media. We conclude that RHA is a potential alternative medium for detection and enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli at the same time and the same Petri dish within 24h. Also, RHA medium was a very sensitive medium, which did not require any confirmatory tests and secured rapid recovery of total coliforms or E. coli.

Determination of pathogenic bacteria in wastewater using conventional and PCR techniques

El-Lathy A. M., El-Taweel G. E., El-Sonosy M. W., Samhan F. A., Moussa T. A. A.

Environmental Biotechnology

2009

Vol. 5, No. 2

73-80

The objectives of this investigation were to detect and determine some pathogenic bacteria in raw and treated wastewater and to compare and evaluate different techniques. To achieve this aim, pathogenic bacteria (salmonellae group, total vibrios and Listeria group) were determined in 30 samples collected from inlet and outlet of the treatment plants using PCR, MPN and surface plate techniques. The results of salmonellae group showed that all 30 samples (100%) were positive using PCR technique, 28 samples (about 93%) were positive using direct surface plate technique, and 27 samples (90%) were positive using MPN technique. In case of total vibrios 27 samples (90%) were positive using direct surface plate technique while 28 samples (93%) were positive using MPN technique.When using multiplex PCR technique, detection of three species of Vibrio (V. vulnificus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. cholerae and Classical or El-Tor) were negative. Listeria group was detected in 29 samples (97%) using PCR technique, in 28 samples (93%) using surface plate technique, and in 27 samples (90%) using MPN technique. The removal percentages showed that oxidation pond of El-Sadat City is more efficient in removal of these pathogenic bacteria than the activated sludge system. Statistical analysis (Student t-test) showed that there were significant differences between MPN and surface plate techniques in revealing the three selected pathogenic groups.