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Computer-Assisted Modeling and Design of Compression Garments with Graded Unit Compression

Kowalski Krzysztof, Kłonowska Magdalena, Sujka Witold, Latańska Ilona, Kowalski Tomasz Marek

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 1

80--88

EN

This article presents a useful algorithm for designing compression products with intended and graded unit pressure along the part of the body covered with the mentioned garments. The algorithm was developed using Laplace's law and a designated experimental function describing the relationship between strength and relative elongation of knitted fabric, and the results of 3D scanning of different body parts. On this basis, two examples of products in the form of a leg sleeve and arm sleeve were designed for the treatment of lymphoedema in compression classes II and III. The presented compression product design procedure facilitates the process of designing compression garments and eliminates some errors related to this procedure.

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Biological Properties of Knitted Fabrics Used in Post-Burn Scar Rehabilitation

Latańska Ilona, Kowalski Krzysztof, Kłonowska Magdalena, Jaworska Aleksandra, Doś Janusz, Karbowski Krzysztof, Sujka Witold

Autex Research Journal

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2022

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Vol. 22, no. 3

343--349

EN

Compression therapy along with the use of compression materials is one of the main prevention methods against scars and keloids. Compression knitted fabrics must be characterized by parameters that enabling to reaching class I compression (16–24 mmHg). When constant pressure higher than capillary vessels pressure is applied to scars, it will have a negative influence on formation of keloids and significantly prevents their hypertrophy. Long-term pressure causes tissue hypoxia, slowed-down metabolism, and reduction of the amount of fibroblasts. One of key elements of compression therapy is choosing the required knitted fabric with necessary structure and physicomechanical parameters as well as designing methodology based on Laplace law, which will ensure the application of desired value of single-unit pressure on post-burn scar. Apart from physicomechanical parameters, a medical device, such as compression garment, must be characterized by high level of biocompatibility. An added value in terms of functional parameters is the antibacterial action of the product. It was obtained from the fibers used which contain a compound in their matrix and out of which silver ions are released. Additionally, the antibacterial action was also obtained via impregnation of the knitted fabric in RUCO-BAC AGP which contains silver. In the course of the research presented in the article, compression fabric was designed with a special construction - a knitted fabric comprising two layers. The first layer, which is in direct contact with human skin, is manufactured out of a yarn with conductive-diffusive characteristics. The second layer is made of microfibers which keep the moisture out of skin surface and also diffuse it to the outside. The following article describes the final stage of developing a compression garment aiding the external treatment process; the mentioned stage is related to biological tests such as microbiological contamination, cytotoxicity, sensitization, and irritation. The article closes a series of publications presented by the Authors in bibliography. It also presents the antibacterial activity tests done on the developed double-layer knitted fabric enriched with silver. The obtained results suggest that the fabric may be used not only in compression therapy, but also in the field of cosmetics and aesthetics.

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Selecting Appropriate Longitudinal Rigidity of Knitted Fabric in Compression Products of Standardised Size

Kowalski Krzysztof, Kłonowska Magdalena, Ilska Anita

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2020

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Vol. 28, no. 3 (141)

44--49

EN

Based on the models developed, the changes in unit pressure exerted by ready-made compression products were evaluated in dependence on the longitudinal rigidity, compression class, dimensional tolerance and product size. Tests made it possible to determine the maximum permissible values of longitudinal rigidity for individual compression classes and product sizes, which, if not exceeded, ensure that the pressure exerted falls within the given compression class. Experimental verification carried out on an example of a commercial compression product from the first and second compression classes showed that the main reason for the differences between the declared and experimentally determined values of unit pressure was the overestimated longitudinal rigidity of the knitted fabric and dimensional tolerance of the size ranges and errors in the design procedure, resulting from not sticking to the principle of designing the product for the middle circumference value and the middle pressure from the compression class.

PL

Na podstawie opracowanych modeli dokonano oceny zmian nacisku jednostkowego gotowych wyrobów uciskowych w zależności od sztywności rozciągania, klasy ucisku oraz tolerancji wymiarowej i wielkości rozmiaru. Badania umożliwiły wyznaczenie maksymalnych, dopuszczalnych wartości sztywności rozciągania dzianiny dla poszczególnych klas ucisku i rozmiarów wyrobu, których nie przekroczenie gwarantuje naciski w granicach danej klasy ucisku. Eksperymentalne badania weryfikacyjne, przeprowadzone na przykładzie komercyjnych wyrobów uciskowych dla I i II klasy ucisku wykazały, że główną przyczyną różnic między deklarowanymi wartościami nacisku jednostkowego a wyznaczonymi eksperymentalnie są zawyżone wartości sztywności rozciągania dzianiny i wielkości tolerancji wymiarowej przedziałów oraz błędy w procedurze projektowania związane z nieprzestrzeganiem zasady projektowania wyrobu na środkową wartość obwodu z przedziału rozmiaru i środkową wartość nacisku danej klasy ucisku.