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Sensitive species in a bad habitat – species richness of ichthyofauna in the strongly anthropogenically transformed Uszwica River (southern Poland)

Klich Mariusz, Klich Sabina

Science, Technology and Innovation

2020

Vol. 9, no. 2

46--55

The Uszwica River is a 67 km long right-bank submountain tributary of the Vistula. From the beginning of the 20th century the Uszwica was subjected to strong anthropopressure. The water course was disrupted at km 37+300 with a 5.3-meter-high dam in the town of Brzesko. Strong pollution of water in this town and numerous hydrotechnical alterations along almost the entire course of the river have negative influence on the river habitats. Despite this, the Uszwica is characterized by relatively rich ichthyofauna composed of 26 species, including 6 species which are legally protected in Poland and 7 species regarded threatened according to the Polish Red List of fish and lampreys[1]. The composition of ichthyofauna was determined on the basis of electrofishing along the entire river in 2004 and 2015, and on selected reaches in 2014 and 2018. The results show that even heavily anthropogenically transformed rivers may provide habitats for threatened fish species and should not be excluded from nature protection plans and projects.

Rzeka Uszwica to prawobrzeżny podgórski dopływ Wisły o długości 67 km. Od początków XX. wieku Uszwica podlega silnej antropopresji: przegrodzeniu w połowie jej biegu w km 37+300 zaporą o wysokości 5,3 metra w miejscowości Brzesko oraz silnym zanieczyszczeniu wody w tej miejscowości, a także licznym regulacjom na niemal całym biegu rzeki. Pomimo tego rzeka charakteryzuje się bogatą ichtiofauną reprezentowaną przez 26 gatunków, w tym 6 gatunków prawnie chronionych w Polsce oraz 10 gatunków wrażliwych i zagrożonych wg kategorii czerwonej listy ryb i minogów Polsce. Stan ichtiofauny określono na podstawie elektropołowów ryb przeprowadzonych na całej długości rzeki w latach 2004 i 2015 oraz na wybranych odcinkach w roku 2014 i 2018. Wyniki badań wskazują na to, że nawet rzeki uznane za silnie przekształcone antropogenicznie mogą stanowić siedlisko dla cennych przyrodniczo gatunków ryb i nie powinny być pomijane w planach i projektach dotyczących ochrony przyrody.

Atmospheric particulate matter in Tarnów City (Southern Poland) – short time investigation of a space-time variability in the winter of 2019

Chyc Marek, Klich Mariusz, Klich Sabina, Żelazo Patrycja, Ciężadło Agnieszka, Żeleźnik Paweł, Partyńsk Paweł

Science, Technology and Innovation

2019

Vol. 5, no. 2

50--59

Tarnów is a city where air pollution is a major problem during the wintertime. An acceptable level of PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations are exceeded very often. The main reason of this situation is individual housing and their heat system based on ineffective old units based on hard coal and sometimes even people use waste as a fuel. The city has two air quality monitoring stations and a private network for measurements of particulate matter. However, there is still a lack of information on air quality in some areas of the city. For obtaining full information on the air quality in Tarnów, readings from the monitoring station and field measurements were carried out. The obtained information allowed to determine which areas of the city are most exposed to the occurrence of smog in the heating season. So far, air quality measurements in Tarnów have not been conducted at the same time for so many collections.The most polluted air occurs in Krzyż District but air quality should be improved in all city. The best air quality has been observed for locations where heat is available from municipal heating plant e.g. Słoneczna Str. Presented research work shows that air quality in Tarnów City is very unhealthy because of particulate matter pollution. In the winter time the main problem is too high concentration of PM2.5, but also PM10 concentration. Those parameters are very frequently exceeded. The worst air quality occurs in the evenings (8 p.m.), but in the mornings (8 a. m.) air quality is highly polluted too. When air quality in Tarnów City is bad situation concerns all localisations. The similar situation is observed when air quality is good or acceptable. The main conclusion is that for locations where heat is available from heat plant is not generated individually by domestic sources, the situation is the most comfortable. Our investigation covered short period, but it is preliminary study and this important issue will be continued in the future.