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Assessment of Soil Contamination by Roof Runoff. A Case Study from Wrocław, Poland

Hołtra Anna, Zamorska-Wojdyła Dorota, Ferenc Zbigniew

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 1

93--109

EN

The study focused on the determination of heavy metals originating from anthropogenic sources to assess the environmental and health risks to city residents. The single pollution indices showed the key pollutants in soils such as Zn, Cd, and Pb. Contamination level assessment and the toxicity of pollutants were done by the multi-elemental pollution indices. They showed heavy pollution of tested soils with high ecological risk. The correlation analysis and the principal component analysis model were utilized to identify the relative contribution of metals to soil pollution and provide information about the potential sources of metals. The most important for elemental composition in soils in Wrocław are three emission sources: leaching of pollutants from the materials used in the roof coverings and guttering, domestic heating with fossil fuel combustion and other solid materials, leaching of the air pollution including of the road traffic. The health risk analysis shows that ingestion and then dermal contact are the greatest exposure pathways for humans. The health risk was low, although children have greater risks than adults.

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Analysis of sediment’s quality of the Oława River in Poland using indices of heavy metals and statistical techniques

Hołtra Anna, Zamorska-Wojdyła Dorota, Ferenc Zbigniew

Environment Protection Engineering

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2025

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Vol. 51, nr 2

105--117

EN

This case study reports a dataset enabling the analysis of heavy metal concentrations in sediments collected in the Oława River basin. The focus is on the ecological risk associated with six metals: copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd). The key information on the pollution status of the aquatic environment is provided by the single- (EF, Igeo, and PI) and the multi-elemental (PLI, PINem, RI, and MERMQ) pollution indices, and statistical techniques such as Spearman’s correlation, the principal component analysis, and the cluster analysis. The sediments indicate the presence of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Ni, a smaller input of Cr, and the absence of Cd, according to criteria from the State Working Group on Water in Germany (the LAWA’s guidelines) and pollution indices. As assessed by the RI index and the sediment quality guidelines (the SQGs), the potential ecological risk is possible to occur at some sampling points as a result of uncontrolled emission of pollutants. This resource supports environmental monitoring, risk management, and comparative re-search of aquatic environments.

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Single- and multi-elemental pollution indices as a useful tool for the evaluation of road dust contaminated by trace elements in Wrocław, Poland

Hołtra Anna, Zamorska-Wojdyła Dorota

Environment Protection Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 50, nr 4

127--145

EN

The challenge still is to quantify the impact of traffic volume, road type, age of the road, and the presence of road infrastructure on the content of trace elements in road dust. Samples of road dust were collected at the intersections and roundabouts of the main roads of Wrocław and the county, where traffic was accelerated. This research aimed to identify the level of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Cd in road dust, and determine the quality of road dust using individual and integrated pollution indices. A strong anthropogenic influence was noted, which causes a heterogeneous distribution of metal concentrations in the tested road dust. The principal component analysis (PCA) analysis showed that traffic intensity affects mainly the metal content in road dust. The strong Spearman’s correlations indicate the connection of trace elements to road traffic. Individual and integrated pollution indices confirm the enrichment of road dust with tested elements, although the permissible metal concentrations according to the Polish standard were not exceeded. A medium or high probability of road dust toxicity was recorded.