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1

Application of microwave radiation in innovative process of neutralising asbestos-containing wastes

Granat K., Nowak D., Pigiel M., Florczak W., Opyd B.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 1

188--194

EN

Presented are results of a research on a possibility to use innovative microwave heating for thermal neutralisation of asbestos-containing wastes. In comparison to traditional heating, the innovative process is characterised by up to a hundred times reduced energy consumption and two hundred times shorter processing time. Parameters of effective disposal, i.e. microwave radiation power and heating time, as well as kind and quantity of the wetting agent necessary in the microwave heating process that intensifies the process and ensures uniform heat distribution in the heated charges, were determined for five most commonly used products containing various fractions of asbestos fibres. It was demonstrated that the presented innovative and eco-minded technology of disposing asbestos-containing materials is a quick, cheap, economical and effective solution guaranteeing complete degradation of the hazardous fibres.

2

The possibilities of the microwave utilization of wastes on the example of materials containing the asbestos

Pigiel M., Granat K., Nowak D., Florczak W., Stachowicz M.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 2 spec.

119--122

EN

The presented paper introduce some of the results of the investigations in the utilization of the materials containing asbestos in the existing in Wroclaw University of Technology Institute’s of Technology of Machines and the Automation Foundry and Automation Group the microwave reactor. In the reactor’s heating chamber there is possible to recycle from 3 up to 5 kg of the batch at once. The temperature with which is possible to receive in it is approx. 1400oC. The time of it’s achievement (in dependence from utilized material) can take out from 25 up to 40 minutes.

PL

W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono niektóre z wyników badań utylizacji związków azbestu w istniejącym w Zakładzie Odlewnictwa i Automatyzacji Instytutu Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji Politechniki Wrocławskiej reaktorze mikrofalowym. W komorze grzewczej reaktora można jednorazowo utylizować od 3 do 5 kg wsadu. Temperaturę jaką można w niej otrzymać to ok. 1400oC. Czas jej osiągnięcia (w zależności od utylizowanej materiału) może wynosić od 25 do 40 minut.

3

Microwave reactor for utilizing waste materials

Pigiel M., Granat K., Nowak D., Florczak W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.

251--254

EN

The paper presents a designed and manufactured, semi-industrial microwave reactor for thermal utilization of asbestos-bearing wastes. Presented are also semi-industrial tests of utilizing such wastes. It was found that microwave heating can be applied for utilizing asbestos with use of suitable wetting agents. The wetting agents should ensure continuous heating process above 600 °C, as well as uniform heat distribution in the whole volume of the utilized material. Analysis of the neutralization process indicates a possibility of presenting specific, efficient and effective process parameters of utilizing some asbestos-bearing industrial wastes.

4

Application of microwaves for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores

Granat K., Pigiel M., Florczak W.

Archives of Foundry Engineering

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2008

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Vol. 8, iss. 3s

167--170

EN

In the paper, investigation results of microwave heating application for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores made of moulding sands with thermosetting resins are presented. It was found that waste shell cores or shell moulds left after casting, separated from moulding sand, can be effectively incinerated. It was evidenced that microwave heating allows effective control of this process and its results. Incineration of waste moulds and cores made of commercial grades of resin-coated moulding sand using microwave heating was found to be an effective way of their utilisation. It was determined that the optimum burning time of these wastes (except those insufficiently disintegrated and not mixed with an activating agent) is maximum 240 s at the used magnetron power of 650 W. It was noticed that proper disintegration of the wastes and use of suitable additives to intensify the microwave heating process guarantee significant reduction of the process time and its full stabilisation. Application of microwave heating for incinerating waste shell moulds and cores ensure substantial and measurable economic profits due to shorter process time and lower energy consumption.

5

Wykorzystanie energii mikrofalowej w procesach odlewniczych

Pigiel M., Granat K., Nowak D., Florczak W.

Archiwum Odlewnictwa

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2006

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R. 6, nr 21/1

443-452

PL

Przedstawiono możliwości zastosowania energii mikrofalowej do określania wilgotności materiałów sypkich, do suszenia rdzeni pokrytych wodnymi powłokami ochronnymi, do suszenia i utwardzania mas formierskich i rdzeniowych z lepiszczami bentonitowymi oraz utwardzania rdzeni z żywicami termo- i chemoutwardzalnymi. Omówiono ponadto wyniki badań nad zastosowaniem nagrzewania mikrofalowego w procesach utylizacji odpadów przemysłowych oraz wytwarzania kompozytów.

EN

The paper presents possibilities of using microvaves to dry cores covered with aqueous protective coatings, to dry and harden moulding and core sands with bentonite binders and to determine moulding sand humidity with the gravimetric method. A possibility to harden cores containing thermohardening and chemically hardening resins is also presented. Microwave energy used to syntheses composite components allows reduce processing times and save energy and simultaneously engage selective heating of components having different dielectric properties.

6

Próba szacunku makroekonomicznych efektów wprowadzenia podatku od emisji dwutlenku węgla w Polsce

Florczak W.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2005

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nr 2

81--91

PL

Przez ostatnie kilkadziesiąt lat zagadnienia związane z ekologicznymi aspektami gospodarowania "torowały sobie drogę" do nauk ekonomicznych, a od lat kilkunastu zajmują w nim stałe miejsce. Zainicjowany Raportem Rzymskim proces uświadamiania rozmiarów potencjalnego zagrożenia w skali globalnej zaowocował licznymi międzynarodowymi inicjatywami zmierzającymi w kierunku ograniczenia, a nawet odwrócenia niekorzystnych tendencji w degradacji środowiska przyrodniczego. Immanentną cechą znacznej części procesów ekologicznych jest bowiem ich ponadnarodowy charakter. Rozwój teoretycznych podstaw gospodarowania środowiskiem naturalnym zdeterminował powstanie koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju. W szczególności oznacza to, iż dalszy rozwój ekonomiczny świata nie może prowadzić do rabunkowej eksploatacji dostępnych zasobów naturalnych. Powinien przebiegać zgodnie z zasadą zachowania równowagi w środowisku.

EN

The paper deals with an attempt to quantify the possible macroeconomic consequences of introducing taxes on the CO2 emission in Poland by means of a modified version of the W8-2002 econometric model of the Polish economy. Macroeconomic consequences of imposing such taxes are quantified using main economic indicators such as: GDP, rate of unemployment, inflation, state budget balance, state debt, C02 emission, etc. The effects are measured in terms of absolute or percentage deviations from a baseline solution that assumes no taxes upon CO2 emission. The simulation analyses presented in the paper show that it is possible to significantly reduce the C02 emission at relatively low socio-economic costs of introducing appropriate taxes. The costs, meant either as changes in overall economic activity, inflation rate, unemployment rate or state debt, differ both in time and across individual scenarios.