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The Signal Crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus : Distribution and Invasion in the Southern Baltic Coastal River

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Skóra M. E., Raczyński M., Szaniawska A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 3

445--452

EN

The signal crayfish Pacifastacus leniusculus (Dana, 1852) of North American origin was introduced to Europe (to Scandinavia) in the 1960s. Since that time due to translocation to many countries, biological features and ecological plasticity, it became widespread, invasive and displaced native species. The paper reports first multi- point colonization of P. leniusculus in the Polish rivers. The aim of the study was to determine the current distribution of the signal crayfish in the coastal Baltic tributary (the River Wieprza) after 20 years of deliberate releases in its drainage area. During sampling at 28 sites with use of the “Pirate” crayfish traps and hand collection methods in spring and summer 2014, 127 P. leniusculus individuals were found at 8 sites in the Wieprza and its two tributaries, both away from and close to known sites of their introduction in 1995 and 1996 in the Wieprza River drainage area. The species spreads via the Wieprza River towards the Baltic brackish waters. With such expansion of this species, it is expected to be found in Polish coastal waters of the Baltic Sea and in other coastal rivers in the near future. The conflict between legal aspects of the signal crayfish farming, colonization by the species of the natural aquatic ecosystems and the expectations of consumers is discussed.

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Spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) on its way to the open coastal waters of the Baltic Sea

Szaniawska A., Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Jaszczołt J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2017

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Vol. 46, No. 4

451--463

EN

The aim of this work was to assess the adaptive capabilities of the spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) in the open coastal waters of the Baltic Sea. The results could help to predict the likely further expansion of this species and its colonization of brackish waters. The following aspects were discussed in the paper: the occurrence of the species in the Polish coastal zone of the Baltic Sea, the plasticity demonstrated in the body size of individual crayfishes, food preferences, hemolymph osmolality and reproduction in waters of different salinities, which enable the species to colonize brackish waters. In the Vistula Lagoon (salinity 2-3 PSU), where the population of O. limosus is stable, the length of individuals ranged from 77 to 118 mm. These crayfish mostly fed on fodder; the second and the third food preferences were crayfish abdominal muscle and green algae. O. limosus is a hyper-regulator in freshwaters and at low salinities (up to 13 PSU), and a hyporegulator at higher salinities (14, 21, 28, 35 PSU). Laboratory studies showed that the embryonic development of O. limosus at salinities of 3 and 7 PSU was normal and a high level of reproductive success was achieved. Salinity of 3 PSU is more favorable for the development of juveniles than 7 PSU. It seems to be just a matter of time before this crayfish starts to form populations in the brackish, coastal waters of the Baltic Sea.

3

Screening of 17α-ethynylestradiol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals accumulation in Mytilus edulis trossulus (Gould, 1890) collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk

Caban M., Szaniawska A., Stepnowski P.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2016

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Vol. 45, No. 4

605--614

EN

Pharmaceuticals are commonly found in water collected from wastewater treatment plants, fresh water and saline water. Their presence in water may result in constant accumulation in living organisms, and consequently a negative impact on those organisms. Abiotic samples collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk were already proven to be polluted by several classes of pharmaceuticals, but the bioaccumulation was not investigated as far. This study presents the first results on the accumulation of pharmaceuticals in Mytilus edulis trossulus (Gould 1890) mussels collected from the Gulf of Gdańsk. The content of target 6 non-steroidal anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals (ibuprofen, flurbiprofen, diclofenac, paracetamol, naproxen, ketoprofen) and 17α-ethynylestradiol in water and tissue samples was determined. The selected pharmaceuticals (paracetamol, flurbiprofen, 17α-ethynylestradiol) were found only in the largest individuals. The in situ BAFs calculated for paracetamol and flurbiprofen were 2850 and 16154 l kg-1 (dry weight), respectively, suggesting a high potential for the bioaccumulation of these compounds. The synthetic hormone 17α-ethynylestradiol was also found in the collected mussels at the concentration of 310 ng g-1 of dry weight. Generally, the examined mussels showed poor condition and it is highly likely that the accumulated pharmaceuticals are one of the important factors contributing to this.

4

Ponto-Caspian gammarids – new species in the Gulf of Gdańsk (Southern Baltic Sea)

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Kendzierska H., Szaniawska A.

Journal of Ecology and Health

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2013

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R. 17, nr 3

110--114

EN

Non-indigenous gammarid species: Pontogammarus robustoides (G.O.Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus crassus (G.O. Sars, 1894), Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) are present in the Gulf of Gdańsk (southern Baltic Sea). These species reached the Gulf of Gdańsk by 2010 near the point where the River Vistula flows into the Baltic Sea, and become constituents of the amphipods in shallow bottom. All the gammarid species found are of Ponto-Caspian origin. They have been able to move across Europe along rivers and canals, and inhabit reservoirs and drainage systems in the vicinity of such waterways. D. villosus is the latest gammarid species to have colonized Poland. The floods that afflicted Poland in May and June 2010 could have had a significant influence, intensifying as they did the inflow of water from the Vistula into the Gulf of Gdańsk. This could have accelerated the arrival of individuals of these species. The water salinity at the sampling stations was 5.8 – 6.1 PSU. The possible invasion of non-native gammarids may have important consequences for the benthic fauna communities in the Gulf of Gdańsk.

PL

Nierodzime gatunki kiełży: Pontogammarus robustoides (G.O.Sars, 1894), Obesogammarus crassus (G.O. Sars, 1894), Dikerogammarus haemobaphes (Eichwald, 1841) and Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) obecne są już w Zatoce Gdańskiej (Bałtyk Południowy). Gatunki te pojawiły się w Zatoce Gdańskiej w 2010 roku, niedaleko ujścia Wisły do Bałtyku i stały się składnikiem obunogów płytkiego dna. Wszystkie wymienione gatunki są pochodzenia ponto-kaspisjkiego. Przedostały się do Europy rzekami i kanałami, i zasiedlają zlewnie tych rzek. D. villosus jest najnowszym przybyszem, który skolonizował Polskę. Najprawdopodobniej powódź, która dotknęła Polskę w maju i czerwcu 2010 roku zintensyfikowała napływ wód Wisły do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Przyśpieszyło to przedostanie się osobników wymienionych gatunków do Zatoki Gdańskiej. Zasolenie wody na stacjach zbioru materiału wynosiło od 5.8 do 6.1 PSU. Inwazja nierodzimych gatunków kiełży może znacznie wpłynąć na zespoły bentosowe Zatoki Gdańskiej.

5

The spiny-cheek crayfish Orconectes limosus (Rafinesque, 1817) as an inhabitant of the Baltic Sea - experimental evidences for its invasion of brackish waters

Jaszczołt J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2011

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Vol. 40, No.3

52-60

EN

The main aim of the present study was to determine the effect of low salinity conditions (3 PSU and 7 PSU) on the hatching success, growth and mortality of Orconectes limosus. The results revealed that berried females survived exposure to salinities of 3 PSU and 7 PSU whilst incubating their eggs. The reproductive success reached 100% at both salinities. The length increment of young crayfish per molt was larger at 7 PSU than at 3 PSU – but their condition was affected by higher salinity. The mortality among juveniles reached approximately 50% within 5 weeks of hatching at both salinities.

6

Short-term study on the early succession stages of fouling communities in the coastal zone of Puck Bay (southern Baltic Sea)

Dziubińska A., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2010

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Vol. 39, No.4

3-16

EN

The aim of this study was to distinguish the early succession stages of the fouling community in Puck Bay at depths of 3-7 m, to evaluate its biodiversity and to find the point at which the biodiversity of the assemblages achieved similarity. The depth at the study site was 8 m. The investigation lasted from 24 July to 22 September 2008 (61 days) when the colonisation and succession process of fouling communities is most intensive. During this period five sets of samples were collected. The investigations were focused on sessile organisms that established themselves on 105 PVC settlement panels (15 × 15 cm, 0.2 cm thick), 21 panels being deployed at each of five depths - 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 m. A total of twelve sessile taxa and eight mobile (accompanying) taxa were identified over the course of the experiment. The panels became overgrown with fouling organisms in a characteristic manner - a layer of barnacles became covered with a layer of mussels. This type of community development created a double-layered structure (multi-strata growth). Assemblages reached a thickness of 2 cm as a result of the stratified fouling process. The species diversity was highest on 12 August (the first sampling day) at 7 m depth. Biodiversity differences during the study indicated that communities from all examined depths in Puck Bay became similar after a two-month colonisation period. By the end of the study Balanus improvisus and Mytilus trossulus were dominant in the communities at all depths.

7

Folliculinids - epibiotic ciliates from Puck Bay

Jaszczołt J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2007

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Vol. 36, No.4

165-168

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Epibiota associated with setae on Chinese mitten crab claws Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853): a first record [commun.]

Normant M., Korthals J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanologia

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2007

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No. 49 (1)

137-143

EN

Eriocheir sinensis H. Milne-Edwards, 1853 is a non-native species found in European waters. Analyses of mitten crabs caught in brackish waters (Gulf of Gdańsk, Poland) and in freshwater (Havel River, Germany) have indicated that numerous epibionts (possibly temporary) inhabit the dense setal mats that cover the chelipeds. Of the 950 associates found on 22 crabs collected from brackish water, the most abundant were Nematoda (82.3%), followed by Bivalvia (10.3%), Crustacea (5.6%), Oligochaeta (1.2%) and Gastropoda (0.6%). In comparison, 1280 specimens (Chironomidae - 67.6% and Halacaridae - 32.4%), were identified from 13 crabs collected in freshwater. As this crab can migrate long distances, it is capable of transporting native and non-native species via its mittened claws to new habitats.

9

The effect of hypoxia and anoxia on osmotic concentrations of Corophium volutator (Pallas) from the Gulf of Gdańsk

Dobrzycka-Krahel A., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.1

99--109

EN

The aim of the investigations was to determine the effect of hypoxia and anoxia on the osmoregulation of Corophium volutator. The experiments were performed at salinities of 3.0, 6.6,15.0, and 25.0 PSU in conditions of hypoxia (saturation = 30% O2) and anoxia at a constant temperature of 10°C. Control experiments in aerated water were conducted simultaneously. Hypoxia (saturation = 30% O2) had no statistically significant effect on the osmoregulation of C. volutator after either 6 h or 48 h. However, after 6 h it did lower the osmotic concentration slightly. After 6 h anoxia had no effect on osmoregulation, but no subsequent effects of this factor (after 24 and 48 h) were detectable due to high animal mortality. Anoxia also had no effect on osmoregulation after 24 h at salinities of 15.0 and 25.0 PSU or 48 h at 15.0 PSU.

10

Seasonal variations in the occurrence of the prawns Crangon crangon (l., 1758), Palaemon adspersus (rathke, 1837) and Palaemon elegans (rathke, 1837) in the littoral zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk

Łapińska E., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.2

95--110

EN

In 2002-2003, seasonal variations in the occurrence of the prawns Crangon crangon, Palaemon adspersus, and Palaemon elegans were investigated in the littoral zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk (at depths of 0.5 – 1.0 m and 5.0 – 10.0 m). C. crangon was quantitatively dominant (82%), while the proportions of P. elegans (16%) and P. adspersus (2%) were insignificant. The density, biomass, dimensions, reproductive period, and distribution of these prawn species were found to vary depending on the time of year. Individuals of C. crangon, P. adspersus, and P. elegans coexist in the littoral zone of the Gulf of Gdańsk.

11

Gammarus tigrinus Sexton 1939 (Crustacea, Amphipoda) - a new immigrant in the Puck Bay, southern Baltic Sea

Szaniawska A., Normant M., Łapucki T.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.2

71--78

EN

This study deals with the occurrence and migration of Gammarus tigrinus Sexton 1939 into the Puck Bay (western part of the Gulf of Gdansk, Baltic Sea). The material was collected in September 2002 at nine stations (approximate depth – 0.4 m). The only Gammarus species found at five sampling stations was G. tigrinus. The species found at other stations located along the inner part of the Puck Bay were G. salinus, G. zaddachi, and G. duebeni. The sex ratio for G. tigrinus was close to 1. Almost 50% of the females were carrying eggs. The males were larger (6.0 š 0.8 mm) than females (4.7 š 0.8 mm). The average male dry weight was 2.5 š 1.2 mg and that of females was 2.1 š 0.7 mg. The relation between length (L) and dry weight (DW) was DW = 0.095źL1.76 (R2 = 0.76). This study indicates that G. tigrinus is spreading rapidly in the Baltic Sea.

12

Energetic value of American crayfish - Orconectes limosus (Raf.) from the Vistula Lagoon

Skrzecz T., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2005

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Vol. 34, No.4

57--65

EN

The purpose of this paper is to determine the differences in energetic value of American crayfish existing in the Vistula Lagoon with reference to their sex and size within the period of three months: August, September and October. The average total energetic value for all the Orconectes limosus aggregates at 10.64± SD 3.19 J* mg-1 DW, and for organic matter 13.99 ± SD 3.97 J* mg-1 ash free dry weight – AFDW. Total energetic value of American crayfish females estimated on average at 13.44 ± SD 2.53 J* mg-1 DW, and in case of males at 8.95 ± SD 2.21 J* mg-1 DW. Total female energetic value is approximately higher by 33.4 per cent than that of males.

13

Remarks on the morphology and the life cycle of Rhithropanopeus harrisii ssp tridentatus (maitland) from the dead Vistula River

Normant M., Miernik J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2004

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Vol. 33, No. 4

93--102

EN

The aim of this study was to characterize the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii ssp. tridentatus that occurs in the Dead Vistula. Of the 220 specimens collected, 57% were males and 43% were females. Females with eggs on the pleopods were present throughout June, July and August. The carapace width varied from 4.9 mm to 22.4 mm and length ranged from 4.1 mm to 16.3 mm. The highest frequency (49.1%) was observed in the 9.1-13.5 mm width class. The wet weight of the specimens varied from 0.045 to 4.299 g. The results obtained indicate that no significant changes in the morphology or life cycle of the R. harrisii tridentatus from the Dead Vistula River have occurred in the last 30 years.

14

Seasonal and annual changes in the macrozoobenthic populations of the Gulf of Gdańsk with respect to hypoxia and hydrogen sulphide

Janas U., Wocial J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanologia

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2004

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No. 46 (1)

85-102

EN

This study was designed to investigate seasonal and annual changes in the benthic macrofauna in relation to changes in hydrogen sulphide concentration in the sediment and the oxygen content in the water column. Data were collected over a three-year period from 1994 to 1997. The benthic macrofauna inhabiting the sediments of the Gulf of Gdansk, in which H2S is permanently present, consists mostly of species with a high tolerance to oxygen deficiency and the presence of H2S. These species are: Macoma balthica, Harmothoe sarsi, Nereis diversicolor, Saduria entomon and Halicryptus spinulosus, as well as Pontoporeia femorata and Corophium volutator, which are more sensitive to these factors. In 1996-1997 a decline in the abundance of almost all benthic species, and especially of the bivalve M. balthica at all the stations was observed in comparison to 1994-1995.

15

The invasive amphipod Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939, in Puck Bay [commun.]

Szaniawska A., Łapucki T., Normant M.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (3)

507-510

EN

The paper is a report on the occurrence of the species Gammarus tigrinus Sexton, 1939, in the coastal waters of Puck Bay.

16

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (Decapoda: Grapsidae) from Polish waters [commun.]

Normant M., Wiszniewska J., Szaniawska A.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (3)

375-383

EN

The Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis Milne-Edwards, 1854 is a newcomer to the Baltic Sea. Previous studies have shown that since the 1940s single large specimens of this species have been caught annually in Polish waters. The invasion of the Chinese mitten crab has been reported from many European countries, including Poland, where it is especially abundant in the Odra Estuary. Of 186 specimens captured in Lake Dabie in August 1998, 45% were females and 55\% males. The carapace width of these crabs varied between 53 and 88 mm and the average wet weight was 169 š 45.3 g.

17

The biochemical composition of Enteromorpha spp. from the Gulf of Gdansk coast on the southern Baltic Sea

Haroon A. M., Szaniawska A., Normant M., Janas U.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (1)

19-28

EN

Variations in lipid, protein and carbohydrate contents of Enteromorpha spp. were examined over a seven-month period from April to October 1993. The samples were collected from seven sampling stations along the Gulf of Gda/nsk coast. The lipid content was low and varied slightly from 3.47 š 1.76% of DW at Puck to 4.36 š 2.17% of DW at Rewa and Cha/lupy. The protein content varied from 9.42 š 4.62% of DW at Puck to 20.60 š 5.00% of DW at Jurata. At the remaining stations the values vary over a narrow range. The maximum protein contents were recorded at the beginning and end of the growing season. The level of carbohydrate was very high compared to that of lipid and protein and varied from 29.09 š 6.44% of DW at Oslonino to 39.81 š 11.15% of DW at Puck. Seasonal carbohydrate changes were noted at all sampling stations, the minimum occurring in spring and autumn and the maximum in summer.

18

Changes in species composition of the genus Gammarus Fabr. in Puck Bay

Jęczmień W., Szaniawska A.

Oceanologia

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2000

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No. 42 (1)

71--87

EN

This paper describes the current species composition of the genus Gammarus in Puck Bay (western Gulf of Gdansk, Poland). Samples were taken at 9 shallow (ca 0.4 m deep) and 4 deeper (ca 10 m) stations from April 1997 to March 1998. Six Gammarus species were recorded. Gammarus salinus was the most numerous, making up 34.95% of the total of identified amphipod specimens. This species was common throughout the bay but rarely predominant. G. zaddachi (34.75%) was dominant in the northern part of the bay from January to April and was found in almost 2/3 of samples. Less numerous were G. oceanicus (19.15%), common in the southern and eastern parts of Puck Bay, and G. duebeni (9.85%), prevalent in shallow and rocky locations. G. inequicauda and G. locusta made up only 1.13% and 0.12% of the total amphipod material respectively. The species composition of the genus varied considerably not only from one sampling locality to another but also from season to season. It is possible that two species (G. locusta and G. inequicauda) are currently withdrawing from Puck Bay.

19

The distribution, species composition and abundance of Enteromorpha spp. in the Gulf of Gdańsk

Haroon A. M., Szaniawska A., Pliński M.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 1-2

31-39

EN

The variations in distribution, species composition, biomass and water content of Entero-morpha spp. in the Gulf of Gdansk in relation to sampling stations and season are discussed. Only four Entero-morpha species were identified in the samples collected, the most frequent being E. intestinalis (L.) Link. The species composition was found to vary in relation to sampling stations and seasons. The abundance of Enteromorpha spp. varied at different stations with a maximum at Puck variations in biomass were observed. Although Enteromorpha spp. were characterised by a high water content (96.56?0.40% of WW), no statistically significant variations in the water contents of these species with respect to sampling stations could be detected. Although there was a tendency towards seasonal changes, these occurred within a narrow range.

20

Energy value of the mud crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii ssp. tridentatus (Crustacea, Decapoda) in relation to season, sex and size

Wiszniewska A., Rychter A., Szaniawska A.

Oceanologia

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1998

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No. 40 (3)

231-241

EN

The energy value of male and female Rhithropanopeus harrisii tridentatus of various carapace width classes was determined. Crab samples were collected in the Vistula Lagoon from April to November 1995. The population of R. harrisii tridentatus from the Vistula Lagoon was characterised by a very low energy value 7.97 [SD] plus_min.1.5 J mg-1 DW, (12.69 [SD] plus_min. 2.1 J mg-1 AFDW). The average amount of ash in this population was 37.66% of dry weight (organic matter was 62.44%). In each month (except September) the calorific value of the females exceeded that of the males; this value also varied seasonally. The calorific value of the population dropped to a minimum in August, whereas the maximum level was recorded in September.