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Fabrication and characterisation of porous coatings obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation

Rokosz K., Hryniewicz T., Raaen S., Malorny W.

Journal of Mechanical and Energy Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 1, No 1

23--30

EN

In the paper, characteristics of porous coatings enriched in copper on pure Titanium and its alloys (NiTi, Ti6Al4V, TNZ, Ti2448) as well as on niobium obtained by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) in electrolyte containing H3PO4 within Cu(NO3)2, are presented. All obtained surfaces of PEO coatings have different shapes and diameters of pores. The binding energies of main peaks for titanium Ti2p3/2, niobium Nb3d5/2, zirconium Zr3d5/2, phosphorus (P2p) and oxygen (O1s) suggest the presence of titanium Ti4+, niobium Nb5+ and zirconium Zrx+ (x≤2) as well as PO4 3–.

2

SEM and EDS Characterization of Porous Coatings Obtained On Titaniumby Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in Electrolyte Containing Concentrated Phosphoric Acid with Zinc Nitrate

Rokosz K., Hryniewicz T., Pietrzak K., Malorny W.

Advances in Materials Science

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2017

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Vol. 17, nr 2(52)

41--54

EN

The SEM and EDS results of porous coatings formed on pure titanium by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (Micro Arc Oxidation) under DC regime of voltage in the electrolytes containing of 500 g zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O in 1000 mL of concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4 at three voltages, i.e. 450 V, 550 V, 650 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The PEO coatings with pores, which have different shapes and the diameters, consist mainly of phosphorus, titanium and zinc. The maximum of zinc-to-phosphorus (Zn/P) ratio was found for treatment at 650 V and it equals 0.43 (wt%) | 0.20 (at%), while the minimum of that coefficient was recorded for the voltage of 450 V and equaling 0.26 (wt%) | 0.12 (at%). Performed studies have shown a possible way to form the porous coatings enriched with zinc by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in electrolyte containing concentrated phosphoric acid H3PO4 with zinc nitrate Zn(NO3)2·6H2O.

3

Characterization of coatings created on selected Titanium alloys by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Rokosz K., Hryniewicz T., Malorny W.

Advances in Materials Science

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2016

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Vol. 16, nr 1(47)

5--16

EN

The SEM and EDS results of coatings obtained on pure niobium and titanium alloys (NiTi and Ti6Al4V) by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation in the electrolytes containing of 300 g and 600 g copper nitrate in 1 litre of concentrated phosphoric acid at 450 V for 3 minutes, are presented. The obtained coatings are porous and consist mainly of phosphorus within titanium and copper. For each coating, the Cu/P ratios were calculated. The maximum of that coefficient was found for niobium and Ti6Al4V alloy oxidised in the electrolyte containing 600 g of Cu(NO3)2 in 1 dm3 of H3PO4 and equaling to 0.22 (wt%) | 0.11 (at%). The minimum of Cu/P ratio was recorded for NiTi and Ti6Al4V alloys oxidised by PEO in electrolyte consisting of 300 g of copper nitrate in 1 dm3 of concentrated phosphoric acid and equals to 0.12 (wt%) | 0.06 (at%). The middle value of that ratio was recorded for NiTi and it equals to 0.16 (wt%) | 0.08 (at%).

4

SEM and EDS analysis of nitinol surfaces treated by Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation

Rokosz K., Hryniewicz T., Dudek Ł., Malorny W.

Advances in Materials Science

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2015

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Vol. 15, nr 3(45)

41--47

EN

In the paper, the surface layers formed on nickel-titanium alloy during Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO), known also as Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO), are described. The mixture of phosphoric acid and copper nitrate as the electrolyte for all plasma electrochemical processes was used. Nitinol biomaterial was used for the studies. All the experiments were performed under the voltage of 450 V and current density of 0.3 A/dm2. The main purpose of the studies was to achieve the highest amount of copper in the surface layer versus amount of the copper nitrate in phosphoric acid. The highest copper concentration was found in the surface layer after the PEO treatment in the electrolyte consisting of 150g Cu(NO3)2 in 0.5 dm3 H3PO4. The worst results, in case of the amount of copper in the NiTi surface layer, were recorded after oxidizing in the solution with 5 g Cu(NO3)2.

5

Odzyskiwanie i wykorzystanie hydraulicznych środków wiążących z elementów betonowych pochodzących z rozbiórki

Malorny W., Niedersen K.

Inżynieria i Budownictwo

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2007

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R. 63, nr 5

247-251

PL

W trakcie recyklingu odpadów betonowych, wskutek ich rozkruszania, powstają frakcje drobne, które mają niewielką wartość techniczną i często są wykorzystywane jedynie do dogęszczania gruntu. Jednak frakcje te zawierają więcej uwodnionego cementu, niż pozyskane w recyklingu frakcje grube. Omówiono prace badawczo-rozwojowe dotyczące odzyskiwania spoiwa hydraulicznego w procesie o niskim zużyciu energii.

EN

During the waste concrete recycling process a fraction of crushed concrete sand arises that is of only minor technical value and therefore is often disposed in landfills. Yet, this fraction contains more hydrated cement than the coarse recycling aggregates, The paper deals with the research and development to recover a hydraulic binder by means of a Iow energy consuming process.