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1 2023

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Evaluation of the influence of high‑order ionospheric delay on GPS undifferenced and uncombined precise point positioning

Tian Xiangyu, Chai Hongzhou, Yin Xiao, Pan Zongpeng, Wang Min

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 4

1983--1994

High active ionosphere periods have a sizeable ionospheric delay in signal transmission. The high-order ionospheric delay (HOI) severely influences GPS precise point positioning (PPP). The phase-smoothed pseudorange method is used to calculate the slant total electron content, and IGRF-13 (the 13th International Geomagnetic Reference Field) is introduced to calculate high-order ionospheric delay. UDUC PPP with HOI constraint is realized, and the solutions without and with HOI correction are obtained. The time series of the positioning residuals are used to explore the white noise and zero mean characteristics of code and phase. Based on the Jarque–Bera test and t test, the influence of HOI on PPP residuals in the active ionosphere period is researched. The results show that HOI is at the millimeter level, and its influence on UDUC PPP is at the submillimeter level. Thus, HOI needs to be considered in UDUC PPP for the millimeter application.