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Control of karst caves safety in the Połom Limestone Quarry

Bednarczyk Zbigniew, Brych Maria, Patla Sławomir

Mining Science

2025

Vol. 32

7--31

The purpose of the study was to monitor the impact of mining on the structure of crystalline limestone caves, in the vicinity of a quarry in SW Poland. The scope of work included an analysis of the geological and geotechnical conditions and safety of the caves. The research included the application of MASW Multichannel Analysis of Surfaces Waves to determine rock voids, identification of geotechnical parameters and slope stability. Short-range aerial photogrammetry was used to produce maps. Seismometers and glass plates installed near and inside the caves allowed characterization of Vs paraseismic vibration velocity, acceleration, displacement and frequency. The MASW survey determined Vs velocity and limestone strength. The 48-m long survey revealed several zones with higher values of Vs and cave zone with lower values of 70–90 m/s. It allows the identification of the cave. The slope stability analysis, taking into account the results of the geophysical survey, previous research and field observations, indicates that the slope is stable. In the second part, the magnitude of vibrations was measured as a function of charge size and distance. The research was conducted to determine the parameters of safe blasting operations, detect the caves using MASW method and minimize negative impact of exploitation on the caves. A methodology for monitoring the condition of rock slopes in the vicinity of blasting sites was presented. In the conclusions, the geotechnical parameters and the stability of the quarry slope near the caves were characterized. It was found that the slopes are stable with factor of safety Fos > 10. Investigations confirmed that using MASW method it is possible to detect caves and strength parameters up the depth of over 20 m. It was also possible to determine the safe level of paraseismic vibration of v = 2.45 cm/s for the studied caves.

Optymalizacja robót strzałowych z użyciem nowoczesnych narzędzi pomiarowych

Rogosz Kamil, Brych Maria

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

2021

R. 62, nr 4

37--42

Przeprowadzony zakres badań i zebrane doświadczenia pokazały, że w rejonach prowadzenia robót strzałowych gdzie obiekty chronione znajdują się względnie blisko źródła drgań, niezbędne jest stosowanie nowoczesnych narzędzi pomiarowych. Łączenie fotogrametrii lotniczej krótkiego zasięgu, GPS, fotogrametrii naziemnej oraz skaningu laserowego po- zwala na uzyskanie dokładnego modelu 3D, z możliwością jego uszczegółowienia w miejscach wrażliwych np. zabioru na całej długości otworu. Umiejętne wykorzystanie dostępnych, nowoczesnych narzędzi pomiarowych prowadzi do uzyskania pożądanego efektu sejsmicznego, przy zachowaniu możliwości technologicznych prowadzenia robót strzałowych.

Buildings are often situated close to the blasting works which are a part of macro-levelling works. The aim of this paper is to describe using the modern measuring devices in macro-levelling design works for the protection inhabitant and buildings against influences of vibrations, flyrock and air blast. It is possible to lower the intensity of impacts by appropriately matched parameters: charges in the blast-hole, length of stemming, blast-hole diameter, burden, spacing between blast-holes and rows, etc. Combine spatial data from different sources: GPS, aerial photogrammetry and laser scanning system results make a convenient, high level of accuracy 3D visualization and digital terrain model on the basis of which it is possible to design safe macro-levelling works.