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1 2005

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State-of-the-art in modelling of foraminiferal shells : searching for an emergent model

Tyszka J., Topa P., Saczka K.

Studia Geologica Polonica

2005

Vol. 124

143-158

Modelling of foraminiferal tests (shells) started from the fixed-reference models, which used fixed points or axes as coordinate systems. Simulated shells are limited to simple planispiral, trochospiral or uniserial shell patterns, stable throughout ontogeny. On the other hand, various groups of foraminifera change chamber arrangements during their growth. Modelling of more complex forms, with changing chamber arrangement patterns, requires apertures, which are essential for morphogenesis of foraminifera. The moving reference model has solved this requirement, including apertures as reference points. This approach gives morphogenetic priority to apertures and produces more realistic simulations. Nevertheless, these models are still not "deep" enough to reflect the complexity of foraminiferal shells. It is proposed to focus on morphogenesis of real foraminifera and go deeper into the processes responsible for chamber formation. Earlier studies have shown that the cytoskeleton plays a major role in shaping the chambers. A new emergent model should introduce intracellular dynamics during the chamber formation. Internal processes should rather mimic physical interactions and biochemical reactions than geometric transformations. The foraminiferal morpho- genesis ought to emerge spontaneously from simple rules and parameters, instead of being predefined in the form of geometric figures and their transformations. The Diffusion Limited Aggregation (DLA) model, presented here, tests such a new emergent approach.